Soule v. Dixon

Barker, P. J. Upon the facts of the case, no defense was presented1, against the enforcement of the mortgage lien; nor do they constitute a bar to-the recovery of a judgment against the mortgagors for any deficiency which may exist after applying the proceeds of sale. As the mortgagors remain in the undisturbed possession of the premises, it cannot be claimed by them that there has been a failure of the consideration for which they made their promise-to pay to the mortgagee the sum mentioned in the bond and mortgage. The general rule is that there must be an eviction before any relief can be granted the mortgagor on the ground of the failure of title or consideration. So long as he remains in possession of the premises, or until he surrenders to some-paramount title, the mortgagor has no defense. His only remedy is at law, on the covenants made by his grantor. Abbott v. Allen, 2 Johns. Ch. 519;. York v. Allen, 30 N. Y. 105; Parkinson v. Sherman, 74 N. Y. 88; Gifford v. Society, 10 N. E. Rep. 39. If he has no covenants to which he can resort, for indemnity, and no fraud was perpetrated upon him, he is then without remedy,either at law or in equity. The deed to the mortgagors contained no-covenant, and it is not even pretended that any cheat or fraud was perpetrated, in conducting the negotiations which resulted in the execution of the bond and mortgage. At the time the deed was delivered the husband of the grantee-was in the actual possession of the premises, and had been for a long period of years; but the character of such possession, or under whom they entered, was not disclosed on the trial. It is to be presumed that they knew the nature of the title which they would acquire by accepting the deed from their grantor. But it is no matter whether they did or not. They made their promise to pay the sum of money at the time and in the manner set forth in their bond, for the benefit and advantage which they would derive from the-conveyance. The mortgagee, Snow, at the time the deed was delivered, promised the grantee, if she would accept the deed from Itisley, he would release the premises from his judgment lien, and he would make the title clear and perfect on record; and she and her husband, relying on this promise, accepted the deed, and executed and delivered the bond and mortgage. This promise has not been kept by the mortgagee. He has not executed any instrument releasing the premises from the lien of his judgment, and by the record the same remained an apparent lien thereon, up to the time of the-entry of the judgment. In this action no attempt has been made by Snow or any other person to enforce the lien as against the premises. We are unable to discover how the breach of Snow’s promise to discharge the judgment of record as to these premises has resulted in an injury to the appellants, so-as to entitle them to more than nominal damages. The legal effect of his promise was to terminate the lien on the premises in question. Holcomb v. Holcomb, 2 Barb. 20. The appellants have a perfect defense to all proceedings which Snow, or any other person claiming under him, may institute to-enforce the judgment against these premises; or they may maintain an action, in equity, and procure a decree, declaring the lands discharged therefrom. In reaching these conclusions, we have, for all the purposes of this appeal, regarded the plaintiffs as being in no better position than Snow would have-been if he had remained the owner of the bond and mortgage, and was seeking to enforce the same in his own behalf. If the judgment had been in favor of a stranger, and the promise had been to procure a release from him of the judgment lien, a different question would have been presented. If the-grantor in a deed covenants that the lands are free from incumbrances, the same is broken the moment the deed is delivered, if any incumbrance exists-thereon, and the grantee may maintain an action for the breach. But he can recover no more than nominal damages, unless he has paid off the incumbrance. Delavergne v. Norris, 7 Johns. 358; Hall v. Dean, 13 Johns. 105. Snow cannot enforce the judgment, nor transfer the same to another for that, purpose; for his assignee would take it subject to the equities arising out of. [699] Snow’s promise to discharge the lien. As no fact has been established which bars a recovery, and it does not appear that the mortgagors have suffered more than nominal damages by reason of the breach of Snow’s promise, no offset or counter-claim was established, and the judgment should be affirmed, with costs. All concur.