Fetes v. Volmer

Macomber, J. On the former appeal in this case, reported in 8 N. Y. Supp. 294, it was held that a failure to serve properly two of the necessary parties for a complete partition of the premises described-in the complaint was fatal to the interlocutory judgment, and such judgment was accordingly reversed. Since that decision, the insufficiencies in the practice have, apparently, all been supplied by proper appearances of absentees and otherwise; so' that we have before us at the present hearing only one question of moment, and that relates wholly to the merits of the action. The right of the plaintiff to maintain partition on the premises in question is denied by the appellant upon the ground that the plaintiff, at the time of the beginning of the action, had no title to or interest in these lands. All of the parties claim under Louis Fetes, who died on the 24th day of July, 1855, leaving a last will and testament disposing of both real and personal property, whereby he devised to his widow a life interest in the lands described in the [553] •complaint, with the remainder over to his children. The will was duly admitted to probate on the 26th day of December, 1855, by the surrogate of the county of Brie. The point in controversy is whether the plaintiff was named in the will as one of the children of the deceased. The will was recorded in the surrogate’s office some time between December 26,1855, and December 31, 1855, when the term of the surrogate expired by limitation. His successor signed a certified copy of the will January 8,1856, and annexed thereto a paper purporting to be a certificate to the effect that it had been so admitted to probate by his predecessor, and that the same was then on file in the surrogate’s court. This instrument was recorded in the Brie county clerk’s office in the year 1871, as a will of real estate. . The original will was lost, and the question as to the contents thereof is to be determined mainly by the copy thereof, as recorded in the surrogate’s office, and the other copy thereof as recorded in the county clerk’s office. The copy set out in the books of the surrogate omits the name of the plaintiff as one of the beneficiaries under the will, while the one recorded in the county clerk’s office contains his name, with five others, all the children of the testator. It is probable that the surrogate, being pressed for time, had not an opportunity, before surrendering his office, to compare the copy as it now appears in his book, with the original. This assumption finds corroboration in the fact that such copy in the surrogate’s book bore no certificate or mark- showing that it had been compared with the original will. But the copy as recorded in the county clerk’s office bears upon its face such evidence, as it has the usual certificate annexed. The ■attestation usually determines the question whether the document is the whole •or a part only of the original. Voris v. Smith, 13 Serg. & R. 334. But it is claimed that the certificate of the surrogate was a nullity, inasmuch as the statute under which the same purports to have been given relates only to the certificates of the successors in office, where there has been a vacancy, and that the appointees of the unexpired term alone are authorized to complete the unfinished business of their predecessors, (2 Rev. St. p. 223, § 11,) while those succeeding by election for a full term have not such power. It would seem that there was an omission on the part of the legislature in not making the statute broad enough to cover the right of a successor by election to complete the unfinished business of his predecessor. It is probable, as the referee says, that the legislature, in enacting this provision, had in view the simple act of signing and certifying records and documents presumptively legal and valid. In other words, such power may have been assumed to have theretofore existed, and the object of this provision was simply to authorize the successor of a surrogate whose office had been suddenly terminated by death, incapacity, or removal, to continue and complete the business begun and pending before him. The provisions of the statute contemplated that every public officer should complete his official business before retiring at the end of his term. But it by no means follows that the surrogate had not the power to certify records which he found in his office. Under the Revised Statutes, as originally enacted, a surrogate could exercise no powers except those which were expressly conferred upon him. Id. p. 220, § 1. By •chapter 460 of Laws of 1837, however, these restrictions were removed, at least to some extent, and he was empowered to administer justice in all matters according to the provisions of the statutes of the state, and there were conferred upon him all the powers which were necessary and incidental to enable him to discharge the duties of his office. Brick's Estate, 15 Abb. Pr. 32. He has the power to exemplify under his seal of office all transcripts of records,” papers, or proceedings therein, and the same must be received in evidence in all courts with the like effect as the exemplifications of the records, papers, and proceedings of courts of record. 2 Rev. St. p. 221, § 6. It is quite probable that the copy certified by the surrogate, and which was recorded in the county clerk’s office, was taken from the original will as filed, [554] and not from a copy thereof as entered in the books of the surrogate. So much only need be said upon the question of the probabilities as to which record was the true one, irrespective of the admissibility of either of them in evidence, whether as primary or secondary proof. Under sections 14,15, p. 58, this record would not be admitted as primary evidence, inasmuch as it does not contain “the proofs and examinations so taken.” Morris v. Keyes, 1 Hill, 540; Caw v. Robertson, 5 N. Y. 132; Hill v. Crockford, 24 N. Y. 128. The enabling act passed by the legislature in 1870, (chapter 74;) provides as follows: “Section 1. All cases, hitherto, of surrogates and officers acting as such in completing, by signing in their own names, the unsigned and uncertified records of wills and of the proofs and examinations taken in the proceedings of the probate thereof, before their own predecessors in office, are hereby confirmed and declared to be valid and in full compliance with the pre-existing statutory requirements.” This power however, it will be observed, was restricted to cases where the record of the wills contained the proofs and examinations as required by the provisions of the Revised Statutes. Hill v. Crockford, 24 N. Y. 128. Whatever the insufficiencies of the enabling act of 1870 may be, no question can be made of the act of 1890, (chapter 155,) which confirms all acts of surrogates in certifying the records of their office, and the same clearly covers the record of the will in the ease before us. While, it is true, this act was passed since this controversy arose, and even since the case was argued before this court, yet such are its comprehensive terms that it must be deemed to apply to all cases existing and undetermined in the courts. A statute commonly speaks only for the future, and, where vested rights are involved, the legislature cannot affect the past or the present, but there are many remedial statutes that mainly affect past transactions, and are enacted for that purpose. Statutes confirming illegal or irregular proceedings of various public officers are.of this character, and can have no relation to other than past transactions. 1 Kent, Comm. 455; Foster v. Bank, 16 Mass. 245; Underwood v. Lilly, 10 Serg. & R. 101; People v. Supervisors, 43 N. Y. 136; People v. Spicer, 99 N. Y. 233, 1 N. E. Rep. 680. Under these statutes, the certificate added to the record of the will in the surrogate’s office was confirmed, as also was his certificate that the will delivered to him by his predecessor was the original will from which the copy was made and upon the faith and credit of which he certified the copy. The copy of the will in the book of deeds seems to us to be precisely of the same degree of evidence as the copy of it in the record of wills, and that, under these enabling acts, they both became primary evidence of the contents of the will itself. Ho greater effect can be given to the one than is given to the other of these records. Each is a copy of the same will. It is a noteworthy fact that there is no evidence that there was any purpose on the part of the testator to withhold from the plaintiff an equal share in the residuary estate after the expiration of the life interest of the testator’s wife. This fact, therefore, coupled with the other, namely, that in the book of wills the record had not been signed and so probably not compared with the original will, and the further fact that Bartholomew Fetes’ name appears in the record as contained in the book of deeds in the clerk’s office, presents a case where the more reasonable inference is that the plaintiff was in fact named in the will, and that, consequently, he can maintain this action. These irreconcilable documents present an instance of conflict of evidence only; and the case must be disposed of substantially in the same manner as other cases where the evidence is conflicting. Where two inconsistent copies of the same will, both .duly certified, the one from the records of the surrogate’s office and the other from the records of the county clerk’s office, are in evidence, the original will being lost, and both parties to the controversy claim under the probate of such lost will, the court or tribunal passing upon the facts only resort to the attending circumstances, and, if there is no other evidence, de [555] termine which record is the true one. Under this rule, there is a clear preponderance of the evidence in favor of the plaintiff. It follows, therefore, that the interlocutory judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs to the respondent. All concur.