Brennan v. Ellis

PUTNAM, J. The action was brought to recover damages, for the alleged negligence of the defendant, the owner of an apartment house in the city of Troy, in allowing a bridge laid from the second story of said house to the water-closet in the rear to remain out of repair, in consequence of which plaintiff was severely injured. It is not denied that it was the duty of defendant to use reasonable care in keeping the bridge in a safe condition, nor that the testimony in the case rendered it proper to submit to the jury the question whether said care was in fact used. The court, in his charge, used the following language, viz.: “So that the question is not necessarily disposed of when you find (if you should find) that Mr. Wylie did not nail those boards. You may say it is sufficient—that it was sufficient—for this defendant to go to an experienced carpenter, if he did as he says he did, and as the carpenter says he did, ánd say: ‘This structure, which wás originally safely constructed, is out oi repair, and I want you to go over it, and look it over, and make repairs, and put it in condition.’ Now that he testifies he did. That Mr. Wylie testifies he told him to do, and that he says he undertook to do. * * * If you say as prudent, reasonable men, that in your judgment that is all that could bo expected of a man under such circumstances, that it is what any other careful and prudent man would do, it would be your duty to find, of course, that ha had not neglected to perform any duty which he owed to this plaintiff, oi to any other tenant, in the occupation of this building.” The only question necessary to be considered is as to the propriety of the portion of the charge above quoted. Assuming that the relation of master and servant or principal and agent did not exist between defendant and Wylie, and that the latter occupied the position of a contractor, (see Larow v. Clute, [Sup.] 14 N. Y. Supp. 616; Wood v. City of Watertown, 58 Hun, 304, 11 N. Y. Supp. 864,) the question arises whether defendant, being notified of the dangerous condition of the bridge, discharged his duty by contracting with a competent man to repair it, and was not thereafter liable, although the contractor failed to do the work. It is well settled that where an owner enters into an agreement with a contractor to do work the former is not, ordinarily, liable for damages arising from any negligence of the latter in the doing of the work. But we understand that, if the work is a repair which the owner is bound to have done, and the contractor fails to do it, the owner remains liable for the injury caused by the want of such repair. Sturges v. Society, 130 Mass. 414, 415; Gorham v. Gross, 125 Mass. 232-240. In Pickard v. Smith, 100 E. C. L. 470, it is held, (page 479:) “If an independent contractor is employed to do a lawful act, and in the course of the work he or his servants commit some casual act of wrong oi negligence, the employer is not answerable. * * * That rule is, however, inapplicable to cases in which the act which occasions the injury is one which the contractor was employed to do; nor, by a parity of reasoning, to cases in which the contractor is intrusted with the performance of a duty incumbent upon his employer, and neglects its fulfillment, whereby an injury Is occasioned.” See, also, Worthington v. Parker, 11 Daly, 545, 546. We think,- therefore, that the defendant was not relieved from liability for the defective condition of the bridge in question, by [428] employing a competent contractor to repair it, and that in consequence of the instructions above quoted, given to the jury by the trial court,' there should he a new trial. We think, also, that the exception of plaintiff to the refusal of the court to charge as requested sufficient to raise the question above considered; but, if not, this is a case where a new trial should properly be granted without an exception, within Whittaker v. Canal Co., 49 Hun, 400-405, 3 N. Y. Supp. 576, and Roberts v. Tobias, 120 N. Y. 5, 6, 23 N. E. Rep. 1105. The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.