Gillett v. Trustees of Village of Kinderhook

PUTNAM, J. We are of opinion that, on the testimony in this case, the jury could properly have rendered a verdict for the plaintiff for whatever damage he was shown to have sustained by reason of defendant's wrongful act in collecting and throwing on his premises the sewage and surface water from its streets. The principle decided in Urquhart v. City of Ogdensburg, 91 N. Y. 67, does not apply to such a case as this. The liability of the defendant is not so much on account of the grade of its streets, and its sewers therein, as of its negligent act in failing to provide a proper outlet for the discharge of the sewage. The doctrine held in Noonan v. City of Albany, 79 N. Y. 470; Chapin v. City of Rochester, 110 N. Y. 273, 18 N. E. 88; Stoddard v. Village of Saratoga Springs, 127 N. Y. 261—268, 27 N. E. 1030; and Schriver v. Village of Johnstown, 71 Hun, 232, 24 N. Y. Supp. 1083—applies to this case. Without attempting to discuss the • evidence, the jury could very well find therefrom a failure on the part of defendant to take proper measures to discharge the surface water and sewage from its streets into the creek. But we have reluctantly come to the conclusion that a new trial should be granted, for the reason that during the trial, and on the submission of the case to the jury, an improper rule of damages was adopted. In the court below, no exceptions were taken by defendant that require discussion, and no objections appear to have been made to the rule of damages adopted. There are cases, however, holding “that, when a case has been submitted at a circuit to the jury upon a theory which is wholly . 1045 erroneous, the general term has power, and it is its duty, to grant a new trial because of the erroneous instruction, though an exception was not taken.” Whittaker v. Canal Co., 49 Hun, 400-405, 3 N. Y. Supp. 576; Mandeville v. Marvin, 30 Hun, 282; Lattimer v. Hill, 8 Hun, 171, 172; Hamilton v. Railroad Co., 53 N. Y. 25-27. The rule of damage adopted on the trial was the difference in value of the plaintiff’s premises before the flooding and at the time of the trial. ' It is true that there was some evidence given showing the destruction in several years of a quantity of hay on the plaintiff’s farm, in consequence of the same being flooded, but the evidence in this regard was not sufficient to sustain the verdict of the jury. The case was evidently tried and submitted on the theory that plaintiff was entitled to recover the difference in value of his farm before it was flooded by defendant’s sewer in 1884 and the value at the time of the trial. This theory was clearly not correct. Plaintiff was entitled to recover the loss in the rental value of his premises up to the time of the commencement of the action; or he could have recovered the value of the hay destroyed, and, had it been made to appear that any permanent injury to the premises was occasioned by the flooding, he could have recovered for that injury. As suggested in Hartman v. Line Co., 71 Hun, 367, 368, 25 N. Y. Supp. 24, the case was tried on the theory that the flooding of plaintiff’s premises would last forever,, and that hence plaintiff in this action could recover the total and permanent depreciation which it caused in the market value of his land. But the plaintiff, after collecting the judgment in this action, might commence another one against defendant, and obtain a perpetual injunction; or he could, in a subsequent action, recover damages since the date of the commencement of the first action. And, if the rule of damage adopted on the trial was correct, he could again recover in such subsequent action the same damages,—the difference in value between the plaintiff’s premises before being flooded and at the time of the trial. It is evident that the rule of damage adopted on the trial was not the proper one. Hartman v. Line Co., 71 Hun, 367, 25 N. Y. Supp. 24; Reichert v. Backenstross, 71 Hun, 516, 24 N. Y. Supp. 1009; Colrick v. Swinburne, 105 N. Y. 503, 12 N. E. 427; Duryea v. Mayor, 26 Hun, 120; Uline v. Railroad Co., 101 N. Y. 98-116, 4 N. E. 536; Covert v. Valentine (Sup.) 21 N. Y. Supp. 219. It seems, therefore, that the special term should have granted defendant’s motion for a new trial. The judgment was unsupported by any legitimate evidence. As above stated, it could not be sustained for the amount rendered, on the testimony produced by plaintiff showing the destruction of a quantity of hay in consequence of the premises being flooded, and the jury could not properly base a verdict on the testimony produced as to the difference in value between the plaintiff’s farm in 1884 and at the time of the trial. Judgment reversed, and a new trial granted; costs to abide the event. All concur.