People ex rel. Schaeffler v. Barker

FOLLETT, J. In case assessable personal property' is in the possession and control of its owner, the policy of this state is that it shall be assessed to and the taxes paid by the owner, at his legal residence. On the date fixed by the statute for the assessment of personalty in the city of New York, the relator was the owner of the shares of bank stock, and he should pay the taxes thereon, subject to legal exemptions. The first question presented is, was the assessment of the shares to Joseph Schaeffler, who was then dead, legal? It is clear that under the general statutes relating to the assessment of personal property requiring it to be assessed to the legal owner, its assessment to a dead man would impose no liability on any one to pay the tax assessed: But chapter 409 of the Laws of 3882 creates an exception to the general rule in respect to the assessment of shares of banking corporations. Section 313 of this chapter, as amended by chapter 714 of the Laws of 1892, requires that incorporated banks shall keep a correct list of the names and residences of stockholders, the number of shares held by each, and that banks in the city of New York shall, on or before the 1st day of December in each year, furnish the taxing officers with a certified copy of such list. The section further provides: “Anfi the names of the holders of such shares appearing upon such list shall be deemed the names of the owners of such shares as are set opposite them respectively for the purposes of assessment and taxation, as provided for in this chapter.” Section 314 of this chapter, as amended by chapter 714 of the Laws of 1892, provides: “And the tax on the shares of said stock shall be and remain a lien thereon from the day when the property is by law assessed, till the payment of said tax, and if transferred after such day, the transfer shall be subject to such lien.” By section 315 of this chapter, as amended by chapter 714 of the Laws of 1892, it is made the duty of the bank to pay the taxes on [1044] said shares out of the dividends declared on them. Section 312 of chapter 409 of the Laws of 1882 provides: “But in the assessment of said shares, each stockholder shall be allowed all the deductions and exceptions allowed by law in assessing the value of other taxable personal property owned by individual citizens of this state, and the assessment and taxation shall not be at a greater rate than is made or assessed upon other moneyed capital in the hands of individual citizens of this state.” The clause quoted from section 313 does not provide that the persons whose names appear on the bank list shall be deemed to be the owners of the shares set opposite their respective names, but that the names of the holders of such shares appearing upon such list shall be deemed the names of the owners of such shares as are set opposite them respectively. Under this provision, if John Doe owns 10 shares, and the bank should by mistake return the name of Robert Roe as the owner of the shares, and the assessment should. be made in his name, that name—Robert Roe—would be deemed the name of the true owner, John Doe, for the purpose of assessment and taxation, and the assessment of the shares would be valid. An error in the name does not invalidate the assessment of the shares as against the true owner, whoever he may be. By section 314, above quoted, it is provided that the tax on the shares shall be and remain a lien thereon from the day when the property is by law assessed until the payment of said tax; and, if the shares are transferred after such day, they shall be subject to such lien. In this city the assessment is deemed to be levied on the second Monday of January in each year, and changes in ownership subsequent to that date have no effect upon the validity of assessments. Sisters of St. Francis v. Mayor, etc., of New York, 51 Hun, 355, 3 N. Y. Supp. 433, affirmed 112 N. Y. 677, 20 N. E. 417; In re Babcock, 115 N. Y. 450, 454, 22 N. E. 263; People v. Commissioners of Taxes & Assessments, 91 N. Y. 593, 602; Austen v. Telephone Co., 73 Hun, 96, 25 N. Y. Supp. 916. Under the provision of the section last referred to, an assessment of shares in the name of the person appearing on the bank list as the owner is in effect an assessment upon the shares against whoever owned them on the second Monday of January of the year in which the assessment is laid, and any subsequent transferee takes the shares subject to the lien of the assessment. The purpose of the statutory provisions under consideration was to prevent the owners of shares in banking corporations from escaping taxation by making transfers after the lists of the banks have been returned to the taxing officers. By this construction of the statutory provisions exact justice is promoted as between the taxing power and the owners of shares, whoever they may be. The second question involved in this appeal is whether the person who is the legal owner of the shares on the second Monday in January,—the date when the assessment is deemed to have been laid,— though not the apparent owner by the bank list, has the legal right to have the assessment stricken off in case his indebtedness exceeds the value of his personalty. By section 9, art. 2, tit. 2, c. 13, of the first part of the Revised Statutes, as amended by chapter [1045] 202 of the Laws of 1892, the just debts owing by persons and corporations assessed are to be deducted from the assessed valuation of personal property; and, if the debts exceed the value of the personalty, no assessment can be levied on account of the personalty. It is urged that the relator was not aggrieved within the meaning of chapter 269 of the Laws of 1880. The act provides: “Section 1. A writ of certiorari may be allowed by the supreme court on the petition, duly verified, of any person or corporation assessed and claiming to be aggrieved, to review an assessment of real or personal property for the purpose of taxation made in any town, ward, village or city of this state, when the petition shall set forth that the assessment is illegal, specifying the grounds of the alleged illegality, or is erroneous by reason of over valuation, or is unequal in that the assessment has been made at a higher proportionate valuation than other real or personal property on the same roll by the same officers, and that the petitioner is or will be injured by such alleged illegal, erroneous or unequal assessment.” It is urged that, because the assessment is not against the relator by name, he is not within the class of persons entitled to the remedies provided by the act. This construction, we think, is too narrow and technical. The act was passed to provide a remedy for illegal, erroneous, and unequal assessments in whatever form or manner they are levied. The assessment under review is just as effectual for the purpose of taking the property of the relator as though levied against him by name. By section 818 of the consolidation act (chapter 410, Laws 1882), an assessment against real estate is not void because the name of the true owner is not entered on the assessment roll. If the construction contended for prevails, and a piece of real estate should be assessed at many times its value, but the name of some person not its owner entered on the roll "as the owner, the true owner would be remediless, and compelled to pay an unequal tax. The statute must be construed so as to suppress the mischief aimed at by its authors, and it cannot be that a person is to be deprived of the right to> review an assessment on his property because, without his fault, the name of a person not its owner is entered against it. The order quashing the writ should be reversed, and the assessment vacated; but, as it does not appear that the assessing officers “acted with gross negligence, in bad faith or with malice,” without costs. All concur.