Niles v. Crocker

MARTIN, J. After an examination of the evidence and rulings-contained in the appeal book, we have reached the conclusion that there were no rulings on the trial which would justify us in disturbing the judgment herein, and that the findings of the referee were sustained by the evidence. It, therefore, follows that the judgment, so far at least as it relates to the amount of damages recovered, should be afiirmed. The appellants, however, contend that the referee erred in awarding the plaintiff costs, and that to that extent the judgment should be reversed or modified by deducting the amount of the costs from the judgment. The referee had power to award costs if the plaintiff was entitled to them. Code Civ. Proc. § 2718. This authority is not denied by the appellants. The question whether the plaintiff was entitled to costs is regulated and controlled by sections 1835 and 1836-of the Code. If, under those sections, the plaintiff was not entitled to her costs, the referee erred in allowing them. 1 Section 1835 provides: “Where a judgment for a sum of money only is rendered against an' executor or administrator, * * * costs shall not be awarded against him, except as prescribed in the next section.” The next section declares: “Where it appears, in a case specified in the last section, that the plaintiff's-demand was presented within the time limited by a notice, published as prescribed by law, requiring creditors to present their claims; and that íhé payment thereof was unreasonably resisted or neglected, * * * the court may award costs against the executor or administrator.” It is conceded by the appellants that under the statute two things are necessary to entitle the plaintiff to costs: (1) That the demand must be presented within the time limited by a notice published as-prescribed by law; and (2) the demand must be unreasonably resisted or neglected. The cases are also to that effect. Supplee v. Sayre, 51 Hun, 30, 3 N. Y. Supp. 627; Horton v. Brown, 29 Hun, 654; King v. Todd (Com. Pl. N. Y.) 15 N. Y. Supp. 156. That the written claim presented by the plaintiff was presented within the time limited by a notice, published as prescribed by law, does not appear. On the contrary, all the proof there is in the case upon the question tends to show that it was not presented until long after such a notice was published. We think it may be admitted that the demand was unreasonably resisted or neglected, and yet the plaintiff not be entitled to costs. The only attempt made by the plaintiff to show any presentation of her claim within the time limited by the published notice was that one of the executors had possession of the note in question from the time it was delivered to him by the testator until about the time the written claim was [763] presented. There is nothing to show that any claim was made upon the note against the estate oí the testator previous to the delivery of the written one, but the only demand made of the defendant in whose possession it was was that he should deliver the note to the plaintiff or her attorney. It seems to us that this was not a sufficient presentation of a claim against the estate of the testator to constitute a compliance with the requirements of the statute. In Re Morton’s Estate (Surr.) 28 N. Y. Supp. 82, it was held that knowledge by a representative of the existence of a claim against his estate did not avoid the necessity of its due presentation, and that the presentation must be in writing, stating the nature and amount of the claim, and demanding its payment. In King v. Todd, supra, it was held that a mere verbal notice of a claim was not sufficient, and that it should be presented in writing. In Cruikshank v. Cruikshank, 9 How. Prac. 350, it was held that, to entitle a party to costs against an executor or administrator, it must appear that an account or some claim against the estate, which could be supported by vouchers and affidavits, was presented to the executor, and that a vague demand of a gross sum was not sufficient. The respondent seeks to uphold the decision of the referee as to costs upon the authority of Gansevoort v. Nelson, 6 Hill, 389. If we assume the correctness of that decision, still it is not decisive of the question here, as that case is clearly distinguishable from this. In that case a claim was presented by letter, while in the case at bar there was no presentation of any claim whatever by the plaintiff. These considerations lead to the conclusion that the referee erred in allowing the plaintiff the costs of this action. The only remaining question is whether the plaintiff was entitled to her disbursements. Section 317 of the Code of Procedure contained the following provision: “And whenever any claim against a deceased person shall be referred, pursuant to the provisions of the Revised Statutes, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover the fees of referees and witnesses and other necessary disbursements, to be taxed according to law.” Subdivision 8, § 3, c. 245, Laws 1880 (an act repealing the Code of Procedure), contained the following provision: “The repeal effected by the first section of this act [which included the Code of Procedure] is subject to the following qualifications: * * * (8) It does not affect the right of a prevailing party to recover the fees of referees and witnesses and his other necessary disbursements upon the reference of a claim against a decedent, as provided in those portions of the Revised Statutes left unrepealed after this act takes effect.” The provisions of the Revised Statutes providing for and regulating the reference of a claim against a decedent were not at that time repealed. While the law stood thus, it was held that upon such a reference the prevailing party was entitled to recover his necessary disbursements, and that the provisions of the Code of Procedure allowing such disbursements were not repealed by the repealing act of 1880, but the right thereto was preserved by subdivision 8 of section 3 of that act. Larkins v. Maxon, 103 N. Y. 680, 9 N. E. 56. See, [764] also, Hallock v. Bacon, 64 Hun, 90, 19 N. Y. Supp. 91, and cases cited in the opinion of Hardin, P. J. In 1893 the legislature passed an act amending the Code of Civil Procedure by making the provisions of the Revised Statutes a part of the Code. Section 2718 now contains substantially the same provisions as were contained in the Revised Statutes as to the reference of claims against decedents, and the provisions of the Revised Statutes which related to such a reference were repealed. Thus, the question is presented whether a substantial re-enactment of the Revised Statutes, by making them a part of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the repeal of that part of the Revised Statutes, have changed the rule in regard to referees’ fees, witnesses’ fees, and other disbursements paid or incurred by the prevailing party on the reference of a claim against the estate of a decedent. We have found no statute which repeals the portion of section 317 of the Code of Procedure to which we have referred, nor have we been able to find that subdivision 8 of section 3 of chapter 245 of the Laws of 1880 has been repealed. Assuming that these provisions of the statute are unrepealed, the question is whether they apply to a reference under section 2718 of the Code of Civil Procedure. We are disposed to think the provisions of those statutes are still in force. The purpose of the statute of 1880 was to retain the provision of the Code of Procedure which gave the right to a prevailing party to recover his necessary disbursements upon a reference of a claim against a decedent. It is true that the act added a description of the statutes under which such a reference might then be had; but when the legislature in substance re-enacted the same law, making it a part of the Code of Civil Procedure, and did not repeal the provision of the Code of Procedure referred to, nor the provision of the repealing áct of 1880, which preserved the right to such fees and disbursements, we are inclined to the opinion that it indicated an intent upon the part of the legislature to leave the provisions as to disbursements in such proceedings as they originally existed. If correct in this conclusion, it follows that the judgment should be modified by deducting from the amount of costs and disbursements the sum of $60, thereby reducing the judgment from the sum of $395.47 to the sum of $335.47, and that, as so modified, the judgment should be affirmed. Judgment modified by deducting therefrom $60, costs allowed to the plaintiff, thus reducing the judgment from the sum of $395.47 to the sum of $335.47, and, as so modified, affirmed, without costs of the appeal to either party. All concur.