Marsden v. Cornell

Gilbert, J. We are of opinion that the appellant’s mortgage ceased to be valid as against the respondents, for the reason that the copy thereof which was filed in the office of the auditor of the canal department September 30, 1871, was not accompanied by a statement exhibiting the mortgagee’s interest in the mortgaged property, as required by section 3 of the statute relating to the registry of liens, etc., on canal-boats, passed April 28, 1864. Laws 1864, chap. 412. A copy of the mortgage was first filed September 33, 1870. Another copy, without any statement, exhibiting the interest of the mortgagee, was filed September 30, 1871, and another copy, together with the requisite statement, was filed September 14, 1873. The respondents respectively became purchasers on or prior to August 14, 1872. It is urged on behalf of the appellant, that the filing of a copy of his mortgage September 30, 1871, may, as to the subsequent purchasers, be treated as an original filing. The remark of the learned justice who delivered the opinion of the court in Swift v. Hart, 12 Barb. 531, would seem to support this view, although, in that case, the mortgage was refiled with a statement of the mortgagee’s [29] interest before the adverse claim accrued. What would have been the decision of the court if such refiling had not been accompanied by the requisite statement of the mortgagee’s interest can only be conjectured. I am not aware that the remarks of the learned justice in Swift v. Hart have ever been approved. On the contrary, the subsequent decisions, so far as they bear on this question, seem to be contrary to the views there expressed. Thompson v. Van Vechtin, 5 Abb. 476; S. C., 27 N. Y. 583; Ely v. Carnley, 19 id. 498; Porter v. Parmely, 52 id. 188; Newell v. Warner, 44 Barb. 265; S. C., 44 N. Y. 248. These authorities sustain the proposition that the mortgage must be filed, and then it must be refilled within thirty days of the expiration of a year from the time it was filed, and that if not filed, or if, after having been filed, it is not refiled within the time specified, it ceases to be valid as against creditors generally, and as against Iona fide purchasers, subsequent to the omission to refile. The language of the statute also is too plain to admit of any question. It provides that “every mortgage filed, etc., shall cease to be valid, etc., after the expiration of one year from the filing thereof, unless within thirty days next preceding the expiration of the said term, of one year, a true copy thereof, together with a statement, etc., shall be again filed.” This language needs no interpretation. It would be a perversion of it to hold a refiling to be an original filing, and it would in effect render inoperative one of the conditions to the validity of the security,- viz., the refiling with a statement of the mortgagee’s interest, and thus the mortgage might be perpetually kept on foot by virtue of the misnomer of calling a refiling an original filing. It is sufficient to say that the statute does not permit, but plainly protects, creditors and purchasers against any such evasion of its salutary purpose for preventing fraud. The appellant’s mortgage was filed. It was also refiled, but the latter act was not accompanied by the statement of the mortgagee’s interest, which the statute requires. By reason of that omission it “ ceased to be valid ” as against the respondents, if they were bona fide purchasers. That they were such, we think is clear. Cornell was sued in trover for the value of the boat by Nelson, the owner. Judgment was recovered against him for such value. He paid the judgment and retained the boat. Immediately afterward he sold the boat to his co-respondent, and took back a mortgage for part of the price. [30] The payment of the judgment transferred the title of the boat to Cornell, and as such transfer was effected while the mortgage of the appellant was invalid, the title thus acquired could not be affected by the mortgage, unless the transferee had notice of its existence. The uncontradicted evidence disproves notice, and even notice of the existence of the mortgage, without notice of the amount due thereon, would not make the purchase one mala fide. Beers v. Waterbury, 8 Bos. 411. It is begging the question to say that Nelson’s interest in the boat was subject, as between him and the appellant, to the mortgage, and, therefore, he had no power to transfer any greater interest. The statute, which made the mortgage invalid as against the respondents, gave him the power to transfer the boat to them, divested of the lien of the mortgage. That was necessarily the legal effect of the transaction. The foregoing remarks require an affirmance of the judgment without adverting to the other question presented. We shall therefore express no opinion upon them. The judgment must be affirmed. Judgment affirmed.