Sharp v. Pratt

Per Curiam. The questions now presented are of course the same as those decided by the circuit judge, and which were excepted to by the defendant’s counsel, who now insists, first, that the deed from the two executors was invalid, the renunciation of the other two not having been shown; and, second, that the plaintiffs are barred from a recovery in consequence of Clarke's owning in severalty by force of the decree in the partition suit. Both these questions depend upon the statutes. As to the first, it is enacted by the 11th section of the act concerning wills, 1 R. L. 366, § 11, that where any lands, &c. have been or shall be devised, by any last will and testament, to the executors to be sold, or shall be thereby ordered to be sold by such executors or any of them, and after the death of the testator part of the executors so named refuse or neglect to take upon them the execution of the will, then all sales of the said lands, by the executor or executors who take charge of the administration of the said will, shall be equally valid as if the residue of the executors had joined in the sale ; which is re-enacted, 2 R. S. 109, § 55. The common law rule is, that if a man devise that his executors shall sell his lands, this gives but a naked authority ; and as the authority is to all jointly, all must join in the sale ; and if one die, it being a bare authority, it cannot survive to the rest. Co. Litt. 112, b. 113, a. 181, b. The statute intended to depart from the rule of the common law, by declaring that when the power is given to several executors to sell the land, it may be executed by such as take charge of the administration, if the others refuse or neglect to take upon themselves the execution of the will. The defendant’s counsel contends that, to authorize a less number than the whole to execute the power, there should be a renunciation from the others. The phraseology of the statute will justify a more 613 liberal construction. It is not necessary that there should be a refusal to serve; a neglect answers the same purpose, and confers the authority upon those who act. It was sufficient, therefore, in this case, to show that the two executors who did not join in the deed, neglected to take upon them, the execution of the will. The testimony clearly showed such neglect. The deed therefore was equally efficacious to transfer the title of the testator, as if it had been executed by all the executors named in the will. In this respect the statute makes no distinction between a devise to sell and a bare authority. As to the second point: The act for the partition of lands, 1 R. L. 1813, p. 507, directs the proceedings to effect a partition between parties which are known and those which are unknown. In the present case Mr. Clarke proceeded, stating that Brandow claimed some portion of the premises, and that there were owners unknown. Notice was accordingly given, according to the statute, to unknown owners; and, upon the examination before the master, it appeared that Clarke was the owner of four-fifths. As to the interest of John Brandow, the master states that the deeds under which he claimed were by way of lease and release from Albertus Becker and wife and Alexander Boyd and wife, dated in March, 1799—that they were each for one-sixth of one-half; but it was proved . that Brandow had been in possession 29 years of one-fifth, claiming title thereto; from which the master was of opinion that Brandow was seized of one-fifth. The third section of the act directs the proceedings in cases against persons known and unknown, and makes it the duty of the court in which proceedings for partition are prosecuted, to ascertain and determine the respective rights of the parties, and give judgment that partition be made according thereto, or between such of them as shall have any right therein. At the conclusion of this section is found the following proviso: “ Provided always, that such partition shall not preclude any person not named therein, and who shall claim any right or title to the premises in question, from controverting the title or interest of the parties between whom such partition shall have been made.” As the parties, plaintiffs in this suit, were not named in the proceedings in partition, they are at liberty to 614 controvert the title of either or both the parties who are named in the partition. On the trial, the plaintiffs admitted that George Clarke, the lessor óf the defendant for the premises in his possession, had the title to four-fifths of lot No. 43, in great lot No. 20, in the Hardenbergh patent. It is not expressly stated or proved in the case, that the premises in possession of the defendant were assigned upon the partition to George Clarke in severalty; but this admission must, we think, be understood as containing that fact, and the further fact that the defendant held by virtue of a lease from Clarke. • The question then arises, not whether the original title of the parties can be controverted by a party not named in the partition, but whether the partition itself can be overhauled and broken up, as against the persons whose title and quantum of interest are admitted. If that can be done, the partition amounts to nothing. The statute, we think, repels such an idea. The 3d section, before quoted, states that if it shall not appear to the court what interest any parties who have not appeared have in the premises, then judgment shall be given that partition be made, so far as the rights of the parties who are known have been ascertained ; and the residue of the premises shall remain for the parties unknown, subject to be divided between them, according to the statute or by consent, at any future time. The partition, however, so far as it has been made, must remain effectual. Clarke was the owner, as is admitted, offour-fifths. He has had four-fifths of the tract assigned to him in severalty, and the premises now claimed are a part of the premises so assigned to him; they cannot be recovered but by controverting his title. So long as his title is admitted, the partition as to him cannot be disturbed. If the plaintiffs intend to controvert the title of Brandow, they must bring their suit against the person or persons in possession of the premises assigned by.the partition to him. In the partition suit, title was shown to the whole of the premises; of course nothing was left for owners unknown. The plaintiffs, therefore, cannot obtain any part of the premises, but by attacking the title of one or both the persons between whom partition was made. If they concede the title of Clarke, they cannot recover any part of the premises assigned to him. He has no 615 more than, by their own admission, he'is entitled to; and to subvert the partition already made, would destroy the benefit of the statute and defeat its policy. The defendant, in occupying the premises for which this suit is brought, is the tenant of Clarke. The plaintiffs can no more recover against him for these premises, than they could against Clarke if he were in possession. On this point we think the circuit judge erred; and a new trial should be granted—costs to abide the event.