Klock v. Robinson

By the Court, Cowen, J. The judgment was for the costs awarded to the defendant, (now the plaintiff,) in an action of assault and battery. The statute, R. L. of 1813, 506, ch. 203 § 50, repeated and enlarged in 2 R. S. 288, § 9, 2d ed., respects merely an endorsment of the di= [160] rection to collect interest on an execution. Watson v. Fuller, 6 Johns. R. 283, denied that right in all cases,- except in an action for a penalty; but the legislature afterwards allowed it, first under judgments upon contract, and finally under a judgment upon a judgment; doubtless for the reason that the latter is, for the purpose of interest, equivalent to a contract.. The argument derivable from our legislation would, therefore, seem to be against the now defendant Why the same right should still be withheld from a judgment for damages arising from a tort, it is difficult to imagine. The judicial doctrine too of allowing and disallowing interest on judgments, whether upon affirmance on error, Gelston v. Hoyt, 13 John. 590, or in other cases, seems in some respects, to rest rather upon arbitrary discretion, practice or precedent, than any principle which conforms to our general notions of justice. The case at bar has been discussed by counsel, as if the original judgment had been for damages arising from a wrong committed. That is not so. It was for the costs of a wrongful suit, which are given in the nature of a penalty to the party aggrieved. The analogy to a judgment for damages properly so called is not perceivable. Costs included in a judgment on contract are equally in the nature of a penalty ; and it is not denied that the action on such a judgment takes interest for the whole. Indeed, in an action for a statute penalty, (a certain sum,) given to the party grieved, he may recover damages in addition to the penalty, North v. Wingate, Cro. Car. 559, Sayer on Damages, 71, ed. of 1770, “ because,” adds the latter book, “ the money, it being a sum certain, is to be considered as a debt.” And see Thomas v. Edwards, as reported in 3 Anstr. 804, wherein the judgment was pretty much all for costs, and yet interest was allowed. But take the case in the same light as if the judgment had been for damages arising from the assault and battery. It is said there is no adjudication reported, that interest may be recovered in debt on judgment for a tort. That may be so. But I imagine that a dictum of Chancellor Walworth speaks the sense of all the New York bar, and is according [161] to our judicial practice. He says, in Stafford v. Mott, 3 Paige, 100, “ strictly speaking, the amount due on a judgment in tort is the sum for which the judgment is entered, although a court or jury, in an action of debt thereon, may give interest, by way of damages for the detention of the debt.” In Watson v. Fuller, 6 Johns. R. 284, it is conceded that you may bring a fresh action for interest on a judgment. Per Kent, Ch. J. citing Lord Loughborough. In Winslow v. Assignees of Ancrum, M’Cord’s Ch. R. 104, Johnson, J. said : “As a general proposition there can be no question, that, in an action at law founded on a judgment, the plaintiff would be entitled to recover interest on the amount of the judgment.” In Prince v. Lamb, Breese’s R. 299, Smith, J. said: “ The judgment is a debt; and may be assimilated to a contract to pay a certain sum with interest. Such interest is recoverable as a part of the contract, in the present case, by way of damages for the detention of the debt, the interest being a part of the judgment.” In Sayre v. Austin, 3 Wendell, 497, Sutherland, J. said, that a judgment is the highest evidence of a debt known to the law. “ It certainly savours somewhat of extravagance, to maintain that the judgment is not a debt due in every possible sense of the term. It is a debt due, with the interest from the time of its rendition.” In Gwinn v. Whittaker’s adm’x. 1 Har. & John. 755, Chase, Ch. J. stated it to be established in Maryland, that “ every judgment for money will carry interest from the obtention of it, unless by the terms consented to by the parties, or the nature of the judgment, interest is not demandable, or only so in a particular way.” All these things may be truly said, irrespective of the nature of the original cause of action, and most of them seem to have been so said. They apply as well to judgments for torongs as on contracts; on contracts which do not carry interest, as well as on those that do; and why not with good reason. ? The allowance of interest in this state is founded much on the idea of a previous liquidation of the claim upon which it is demanded ; a judgment is the surest means of liquidation, and in good sense, I have yet to learn, [162] why should it be esteemed unjust to allow interest on a sum thus apparently due for' a positive, perhaps a very gross injury, while the contrary is clearly holden of a mere nonfeasance, the non-payment of a debt due. I do not consider Crewze v. Hunter, 2 Ves.jun. 157, an authority against the plaintiff. On the contrary, several expressions of Lord Lougborough, in the course of the cause, which he appears to have considered with great attention, may be taken as. a concession, that interest was recoverable in an action on a judgment generally. I confess, however, that ! have been equally unfortunate with the counsel, in my endeavor to extract any certain guide from positive authority.; In England the cases are conflicting, though, I am inclined to think the balance of opinion to be, that interest is not allowable in an action on a judgment, unless the original demand carried interest. Butler v. Stoveld, 8 Moore, 412. I do not go over their cases. Thomas v„ Edwards is a specimen of the English authorities. .It occurs twice. In 2 Anst. 558, 35 Geo. 3, the court denied that the plaintiff could have interest; but when he came to his final judgment, some two years after, they allowed it, though the original judgment was- said to be nearly all for costs. 3 id. 804. What the residue was for, neither the counsel nor court deemed it material to inquire, so far as we can see from the report. Another instance : In Atkinson v. Lord Braybrooke, 4 Camp. 380, Lord Ellenborough said a foreign judgment (in Jamaica) constituted only a simple contract debt; and therefore did not carry interest j while in respect to another Jamaica judgment, Graham, Baron, said, had the plaintiff brought assumpsit, he might have recovered interest by way of damages. Doran v. O’Reilly, 3 Price, 250. It appeared by the affidavits read in the cause, that interest had, in fact, been recovered in the king’s bench in an action of debt. Asíate as 1823, we find the justices of the common pleas doubting whether interest might not be allowed even where the original demand did not carry interest. Butler v. Stoveld ut supra. Several of the neighboring states have I perceive very wisely settled the question by statute; while Kentucky [163] seems at one time to have denied interest on judgments altogether. Heydle v. Hazlehurst, 4 Bibb, 19, (Court of appeals.) Afterwards, however, the court went to the opposite and more reasonable extreme. They said the jury might allow interest by way of damages, in debt on a judgment for damages. Smith’s adm’r v. Todd’s ex’r., 3 J. J. Marsh, 306; and see per Ewing, J. in Shockey’s adm’s. v. Glasford, 6 Dana, 16, 17. We think the latter principle the more reasonable. A Qew trial is, therefore, denied-. New trial denied^