Ehle v. Judson

By the Court, Bronson, J. The note was given on a past or executed consideration. It was to compensate Swift for what he had done in negotiating for the farm, and obtaining the offer of better terms than Blatherwick had proposed to accept when the defendant was in treaty for the purchase.. I am unable to see how this makes out a good consideration for the promise. Swift had not acted for the defendant, but for himself. The defendant had relinquished all idea of purchasing the farm before Swift commenced treating for it; and Swift neither acted at the defendant’s request, nor with any view to his benefit: and beyond this, Swift had accomplished nothing, in a legal point of view. If a verbal contract had been completed, it would have been void under the statute of frauds. But he had not even made a void contract, if such an expression may be tolerated. He had only got an offer of terms from Blatherwick, and had told him he thought he should take the farm. The owner was under no obligation, not even honorary, to sell upon those terms, or to give Swift a preference over any other person, on whatever terms he might ultimately conclude to part with his property. [98] Services voluntarily rendered, though they may be beneficial to another, impose no legal obligation upon the party benefitted. Bartholomew v. Jackson, 20 Johns. R. 28. The services must be rendered upon request, Dunbar v. Williams, 10 id. 259; and in counting upon a past considerá [ *99 ] tion, a request must, in general, be alleged. Comstock v. *Smith, 7 id. 87. Parker v. Crane, 6 Wendell, 647. It is not necessary that there should be direct evidence of a request. This, like most other facts, may be established by presumptive evidence; and the beneficial nature of the services, though not enough when standing alone, may be very important in a chain of circumstances tending to establish the presumption. 1 Saund. 264, n. 1. Oatfield v. Waring, 14 Johns. R. 188. See also Doty v. Wilson, id. 378. But here the services were not beneficial to the defendant; and besides, we see that they were not and could not have been rendered upon request. Swift was not acting for the defendant in the negotiation with Blatherwick, but for himself. We are referred to cases where it has been said that a moral obligation is a sufficient consideration to support an express promise. Stewart v. Eden, 2 Caines, 150. Doty v. Wilson, 14 Johns. R. 378. Lee v. Muggeridge, 5 Taunton, 37. But this rule must be taken with some qualifications. The moral obligation to pay a debt barred by the statute of limitations, or an insolvent’s discharge, or to pay a debt contracted during infancy or coverture, and the like, will be a good consideration for an express promise. But a merely moral or conscientious obligation, unconnected with any prior legal or equitable claim, is not enough. 3 Bos. & Pull. 249, note. Smith v. Ware, 13 Johns. R. 257. Lawes’ Plead. Assump. 54. 16 Johns. R. 283, note. But here the defendant was under no obligation of any kind to Swift. Nothing had been done at his request, or for his benefit. What Swift had done in negotiating for the farm was no more beneficial to the defendant, than it was to every other man in the state who might wish to buy a farm. The plaintiff has often failed upon an express promise, in much stronger cases than this. I will only refer to two or three. In Hunt v. Bate, Dyer, 272, the plaintiff had, without request, become bail for the defendant’s servant who was imprisoned, to the end that he might go about his master’s business ; and the defendant afterwards promised to indemnify the plaintiff. After verdict upon this promise, the judgment was arrested, because, as the court said, “ there is no consideration wherefore the defendant [ *100 ] should *be charged for the debt of his servant, unless the master had first promised to discharge the plaintiff before the enlargement and mainprize made of his servant, for the master did never make request to the plaintiff for his servant to do so much, but he did it of his own head.” In Freer v. Hardenbergh, 5 Johns. R. 272, the plaintiff had, [100] without request, made valuable improvements upon the defendant’s land, and the defendant afterwards promised to pay for those improvements; but the promise was held to be a nudum pactum, and judgment was rendered for the defendant. The case of Smith v. Ware, 13 Johns. R. 257, was also upon an express promise, and is equally decisive against maintaining this action. Hew trial granted.