Steinmetz v. Metropolitan El. Ry. Co.

Larremore, R. This is an action for an injunction against the maintenance- and operation of defendants’ elevated railway, and incidentally demanding* past damages. The premises in question are situated on the east side of' Ninth avenue, between 103d and 104th streets, comprehending the whole-block, except the lot and building on the south-east corner of 104th street-, and Ninth avenue. The plaintiff has rested her case, and defendants move for a dismissal of the complaint. I am of opinion that such motion must be granted, under the authority of Bohm v. Railway Co. and Somers v. Same (N. Y. App.) 29 N. E. Rep. 802. It appears that prior to the erection of the elevated railroad, in 1878, the neighborhood in which the premises are situated was an unsettled portion of the city, devoted chiefly to market gardens, and that the only regular means of access with the thickly populated and business regions was by horse-car. A real-estate expert called by plaintiff testified that in 1878 the property was worth $5,000 to $7,000 for corners,, and $3,000 to $5,000 for inside lots. Taking the highest figures of this estimate, the whole block was then worth $44,000. This same expert places the-present value of the lots forming said block, in the aggregate, at from $97,000 to $100,000. The fact is shown that in 1888 the plaintiff actually paid$140,-000 for them as excavated lots. Plaintiff’s experts testified to the great, improvement of the west side of the city, and the general increase in fee and rental values since 1878. There can be no question, under the evidence, as-to increase in value since 1878 of the premises in question, and I think it follows with equal certainty therefrom that the construction and operation of the road have materially contributed to such increase. This inference follows from comparing the conceded condition of the premises in 1878, without, rapid transit, with its condition at present. Population has been attracted thither, and expensive residential buildings constructed, entirely transforming the region. Furthermore, there is in the case the evidence of two experts called by plaintiff, who testify, directly and without reservation, that, the elevated railroad has been a material factor in the improvement and. increase in value of the neighborhood. Even though expert evidence of this, character has been declared improper by the court of appeals in decisions rendered since its admission in the present case, (Roberts v. Railway Co., 28; N. E. Rep. 486; Mortimer v. Railway Co., 29 N. E. Rep. 5,) it must be remem 210 bered that here it was drawn from plaintiff’s own witnesses on cross-examinatian, and was admitted without objection or exception. The only conclusion, therefore, is that the value of plaintiff’s property has materially increased since the building of the road, and that it has so increased by reason of said road. As such growth in value was partly due to rapid transit, the inference is also inevitable that the property would not have increased more ¡than it has without the presence of the road. Under the authorities above ■cited, and also Brush v. Railway Co., in the special term of the court of ■common pleas, (13 N. Y. Supp. 908,) since affirmed by the general term of that court, (17 N. Y. Supp. 540,) I am of opinion that plaintiff’s application for equitable relief must be denied. This, it seems to me, disposes of the entire action. The learned counsel for plaintiff argues that, as the present referee was appointed, by consent, to Shear and determine all the issues, it is incumbent upon him to award a judgement for past damages, even though an-injunction is refused. I think this ¡position is untenable, especially in view of the recent decisions of the court of appeals in Lynch v. Railway Co., 29 N. E. Rep. 315, and Shepard v. Railway Co., 30 N. E. Rep. 187. Whatever confusion of view may have existed heretofore, these, decisions seem to establish authoritatively that an action of the present character is one purely on the equity side of the court; that the cause of action is simple and indivisible, and that the court can entertain claims for past damages only as incidental to its equitable jurisdiction, in order to afford complete relief. It seems to follow from this doctrine that, if the essential cause of action fail, the incidental concomitants must go with it. This apparently was the view taken by Pryor, J., in the Brush Case, supra, in which, although past damages were demanded, the ■complaint was absolutely dismissed. I may say, however, on the merits of this application, that I do not perceive how a claim for past rental damages could be allowed in the face of a ■determination that the property has greatly increased in value since and because of the building of the road. To reach rental damages and fee damages, respectively, the forms of remedy are quite distinct, the one being by an ordinary action at law, and the other by an action in equity for an injunction. Eevertheless, the questions of rental damage and fee damage are intimately related, and the same kind of proof is uniformly employed to prove both. Increase in fee value and rental value is assumed to be so necessarily connected that the latter is constantly resorted to by the courts as a means of measuring the former. It is hardly conceivable that a piece of real estate should show an absolute increase in fee value and an absolute decrease in rental value, though its owner may have found difficulty in renting it for a particular purpose. The evidence in the present case seems to me, as far as it bears on the question at all, to show an increase in rental as well as fee value since the building of the road. Prior to the coming of the elevated railroad the property was presumably bringing no rent, or comparatively a very small one. What such previous rental value was is not shown, but I think it would be the only proper basis for comparison, if it were attempted to separate the question of rental from fee value. The case is therefore barren of proof tending to show decrease in rental value because of the maintenance of the road. The buildings were constructed with the road in full operation, and the erection of such buildings for occupation as residences was made possible by the road. While there is always a general relation between rental and fee value, the rental value of these tenements could not be accurately determined until after they were finished and put on the market, which was after the commencement of this action. The most that plaintiff’s proof establishes on this point is that the actual rental value is something less than plaintiff’s asking price when the flats were first opened. The rental value inis unquestionably increased since the building of the road, indeed has to a 211 large extent been created by it, and, under the doctrine o.f the Bohm, Case, supra, I do not think that the fact that neighboring property on parallel avenues and side streets has increased in greater proportion in rental as well as fee value would entitle plaintiff to damages at law any more than in equity. The complaint must be dismissed for the reason that plaintiff’s evidence does not establish prima facie any substantial injury to her property entitling her to an injunction.