People v. Spalding

The Chancellor. The question raised by the first appeal in each of these causes is whether the attachments were regularly issued on affidavits sworn before Hiram Gardner, a master in chancery at Lockport. It may be proper to remark that the affidavit, on which the motions to quash the attachments were founded, was wholly insufficient. It was not made by the defendants or their solicitor, but by their counsel. He does not pretend to have any knowledge of the facts on which the exception was founded, except from hearsay ; and no excuse is offered why the affidavit was made by the counsel instead of his clients, from whom the information was probably obtained. If the defendants believed the information was true, there appears to be no good reason why the affidavit was not sworn to by themselves. By the affidavit of one of the relators it appears that the information that Gardner was counsel for the complainants in the suit was not correct. He drew the affidavits and took the oath of the deponents to the same at the request of the relators, and in pursuance of the instructions of the solicitor and counsel in the cause, who resided about 60 miles from the place where the witnesses were found. If the suggestion contained in the affidavit had been correct, the fact that an officer before whom an affidavit was taken is counsel for the party, is not a valid objection, if he is not the solicitor or attorney on record. The rule which excludes an affidavit taken before the attorney is merely technical, and has never in this state been extended beyond the case of the attorney or solicitor on record. In Willard v. Judd, (15 John. R. 531,) the supreme court refused to extend the principle to the counsel in the cause. And in Hallenback v. Whitaker, (17 id. 2,) the same court decided that it did not extend to the partner of the attorney on record, although he was interested in the profits of the business. The supreme court reluctantly consented to adopt the rule in the case of Taylor v. Hatch, because they found the prac- [328] tice to be thus settled in the court of king’s bench. But the ^atter court has never extended the rule beyond the attorney on record ; and in Goodtitle v. Badtitle, (8 Term. Rep. 638,) that cpUrt held that it did not extend to an affidavit taken before the clerk of the attorney on record. (See also Cocksedge v. Richwood, in C. P. Barnes, 45, S. P.) In Read v. Cooper, the court of common pleas in England held that an affidavit taken before the attorney in fact of the party in the cpuntry, but who was not the attorney on record, blight be used in the cause. (2 Rose’s Rep, 127.) The same distinction was again recognized in that court in Williams v. Hockin,, (8 Taunt. 437,) where Gibbs, Ch. J. observes: “We are,of opinion that there is no objection to this affidavit being received ; for the rule only says, the affidavit shall not be sworn before the attorney in the cause.” The only case which I have been able to find carrying the objection any farther is Batt v. Vaisey, on the law side of the court of exchequer, (1 Price’s R. 116,) in which an affidavit was rejected because it was sworn to before the partner of the attorney on. record. But in a more recent case before the same court, Smith v. Woodroffe, 6 Price, 230,) the Lord Chief Baron decided that the rule which¡ precludes the solicitor on record from taking an affidavit in the cause did not apply to proceedings on the equity side of that court. , A rule of the court has since been adopted, precluding the solicitor of the party, iii a suit upon the, equity side, from taking an .affidavit. (9 Price’s Rep. 478.) And in Cooper v. Archer, (12 id. 149,) the rule was extended to the actual solicitor for the party, although he Was not one of the four attornies. of that court, Who- alone can appear as such on the record. But in a still more recent case in the exchequer it was held that the rule did not extend to an" affidavit of the service of process, or. of a declaration of ‘ejectment,, which may be sworn to before the attornéy or solicitor in the cause. So also in the king’s bench, an affidavit to hold to bail may be sworn to before the attorney on record. The only cases in chancery which ! have found, are Ex parte Hogan, ( 3 Atk. 813,) where the solicitor to a commission of lunacy was not permitted to take the affidavits on which to found the commission and Ex parte Brochhurst, (1 Rose’s Rep. 145 ;) where [329] 8ie same principle Was' applied to the case of the solicitor to a commission of bankruptcy. In no case, to my knowledge, has the rule been applied in chancery to any other than the ■solicitor on record. This also appears to be the rule in all the other courts in England, except in the exchequer where the restriction has recently been carried a little further, .in consequence of the peculiar regulations of that court, in limiting the nominal attornies of the court to four. As it is a mere technical rule, and as there was no pretence in these cases that any injury had resulted to the defendants by the affidavits being sworn to before the officer by whom they were prepared instead of resorting to another commissioner, the vice chancellor was bound to pursue the settled practice of the court as he found it. He had no power to adopt a different rule of practice,' and would have been clearly in the wrong if he had set aside the attachments on this •ground, , . . The provisions of the statute prohibiting masters .from acting as such, in causes- in which they are concerned- as solicitor or counsel, was never intended to apply to the case of the mere taking of aú affidavit; and even if they did, this case does not come within the prohibition." The orders refusing the motions to set aside the attachments must therefore be affirmed, with costs to be paid by the appellants. The, next question is upon the appeals from the- final, orders and decrees of the vice chancellor, adjudging the defendants guilty of a. breach of the injunction., And here it may be proper to observe, that in deciding that question he had nothing to do with the merits of the cause in which the injunction issued; Neither can the chancellor take that question into consideration on this appeal. While the injunction remained in force, it was the duty of the vice chancellor to punish every breach thereof; and in no case can a defendant be permitted to disobey an injunction regularly issued, whatever may be the final decision of the court upon the merits of the'cause. If there is not sufficient equity on the face of the bill to support the injunction, the proper ".course for the defendant is to apply at once for a dissolution, agreeably to the provisions of the 34th rule of the court; and [330] he, may again, move the court upon the coming in df his cm-.s'iver- .In the decision of this appeal, it .is therefore unnecessary' for me to express any opinion upon the main question -n tjie Gaug6j whích' I have not yet had leisure sufficiently to examine; although upon the hearing of that' appeal, I had a strong impression ,as to what must be the decision upon the general principles of equity, . • As to the question whether thére had been a' breach of the injunction depended upon matters of fact principally, it is unnecessary to do more on this branch of the case than to. state the conclusion at which I have arrived. By the terms of. the injunction, the defendant and his agents werd prohibited from turning away from the race leading to the complainant’s. mills; the whole- or any part of the water leased to the complainants iby the lessees of the surplus waters; on which thé Complainants had. procured for the use of their mills;,-and also from .using any,part of the said-water for the purpose of propelling the mills Of the defendant. As the owners of the surplus waters only intended to permit so'much water to .pass from the canal into that channel as the" complainants were entitled to tinder their lease, it is atleast'doubtful whether the’using of any part of that water by the- defendant's was not a .breach of this injunction. But even if théy were au-. thprized to'take what was not really wanted by thé oom••pláinants, it is -evident from the testimony that the -complainants’ mills have riot at all times -had a full supply; by which they have sustained much damage. And this injury is clea-rdy attributable to the diversion of the water .by the -défend- ’ ants,-in violation of'the. spirit aswell-as of the'letter of-the injunction. ■' ■ , 1 ‘ ‘ ■ -; The'objection as. to -the'extent of the fines imposed, cannot be sustained.- The statute has made it the duty of -the -court; in all cases of proceedings by attachment, to-enforce the civil - remedies and protect the, civil rights of parties; to impose-a'fine sufficient at least to indemnify'the relator,-arid -to satisfy his costs and expenses. (2 R. S. 538, § 21.) • Every person who reads the. examinations-and testimony in this" ca'se, must be satisfied .that if the vice -óhahcéllor ■ erred in -relation to the amount of* the "fine, -it. was in not making it sujfi [331] ciently large to indemnify the complainants, as directed by the statute, for the damages' they had sustained by this misconduct of the defendants. It does not lie with the appellants, however to complain that the fine was much less than the' law required the court to impose on them for the indemnity of the relators. ' The final orders of the vice chancellor must therefor be affirmed, with costs.