Green v. Slayter

The Chancellor. The question is, whether the defendant, Slayter, be chargeable with notice of the bill, and supplementary bill, filed in 1809, by Temperance Green and others against Joseph Winter, and of the deeds referred to in those bills; and whether such notice, if any, rendered any payments made by him after that time, upon the bond and mortgage which he gave to Winter in 1808, void as against the plaintiffs. There are two objections made to the application of the doctrine of the Us pendens to this case. 1. That it does not appear by those bills, in 1809, whether the lands sold to the defendant, and for which he gave his- bond and mortgage, were part of the property held by Winter in trust. 2. Nor does it appear, that it was any part of the object or subject-matter of the suit, to obstruct or divert the payment of that bond. 1. The defendant has denied notice in fact of the suit in 1809, or that Winter acted as a trustee, or held, as trustee, the lands which he sold to him. He says, that the first actual notice which he had of the trust, or of the suit, was — 43 — after the payment and satisfaction of the bond and mortgage which he gave to Winter. If he made any payments in his own wrong, subsequent to the suit of 1809, it must be in consequence of notice in law, arising from the fact of the filing of the bills in that suit. Parties have, in several instances, been made chargeable in this Court with notice of the institution of that very suit, and with all the consequences of such notice. Thus, in the case of Murray v. Ballou, (1 Johns. Ch. Rep. 566.) it appeared, that Winter had sold lands held by him in trust, to the defendant, in 1810, and the defendant was held chargeable with constructive notice of the suit in 1809, by Temperance Green against Winter, for a breach of trust, and to be responsible to the cestui que trust for the land or its value. The object of the bill in 1809, was to recall out of the hands of Winter, the lands then held in trust and unsold ; and under the supplementary bill he was enjoined from selling any more of those lands. It was assumed, in that case, as a conceded fact, that the lands sold to Ballou were part of the property held by Winter in trust, and that those lands formed part of the subject matter of the bill. On this point, there was no question raised or doubt suggested, and the decision rested on broad and plain grounds of law and fact. So, in Murray v. Finster, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 155.) the sale by Winter to the defendant was after the filing of the bill in 1809, and the payment by the defendant to Winter, was after notice in fact of the suit. This was a case of responsibility, founded on the doctrine of the lis pendens, which was clear of all difficulty. The same thing may be said of the case of Heatley v. Finster, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 158.) In Murray Y. Lylburn, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 441.) the land was sold by Winter, in 1810, to Sprague, and the bond and mortgage, which were taken for the purchase money, were afterwards assigned by Winter to Lylburn. Here the doctrine was applied not merely to the purchase of the land, but to the purchaser of the securities taken upon such sale, and the — 44 — cestui que trust had his election given him to take either. The suit of 1809, by the supplementary bill, made all the securities arising from, or relating to, the trust, one of the subject matters in litigation, and Winter was enjoined not only from selling any more of the trust estate, but from selling or assigning any of the securities held in trust. In none of those suits was it ever suggested, that the lands thereby affected did not appear, by the bills of 1809, to be trust property, or part of the matter in controversy. As the land in these cases was known and admitted to be trust property, and within the intention of the suit of 1809, the original bills were never made a subject of criticism, with a view to question or disturb that matter of fact. But the counsel have now raised a point not raised or discussed in the former suits; and it is contended, that it does not appear by the original bill in 1809, or the supplementary, or amended supplementary bill, that the lots sold by Winter in 1808, to the defendant Slayter, or the bond and mortgage taken for the purchase monejq were trust property, or any part of the subject matter of that suit. The defendant says in his answer, that when he purchased of Winter, he supposed he purchased of him in his own right. The purchase being prior to the suit of 1809, cannot be affected by it; nor do the plaintiffs question the payments which were made by the defendant to Winter himself, prior to the suit of 1809. There is no colour of equity to question either the sale or those payments. The object of this suit, is only to recover so much of the purchase money as the defendant paid to Winter's assignee, after the commencement of the suit in 1809. The lands sold to the defendant, were lots 16 and 21, in the subdivision of great lots No. 83, 84, and 85, in Cosby's Manor, and the bill , of 1809 alludes, or refers, to several tracts of land in different places and counties, and among other parcels, it mentions “ divers lands in Cosby's Manor,” which had been purchased by William Green, and mortga — 45 — ged to Heatly, and that the mortgage was registered in the counties where the lands lay. The bill then states, that all those lands were conveyed by Green to Winter, in trust, and that Winter had proceeded to sell “ various parts and parcels of the land lying in Cosby’s Manor,” as well as lands lying elsewhere. The supplementary bill goes further, and mentions lot No. 50 in Cosby’s Manor as belonging to the trust estate; and this is all the specification of the trust lands in Cosby’s Manor given by the bill. If we examine the registry of the mortgage given to Heatly, and which registry was referred to in the bill, we find that it only mentions “ certain tracts, parcels, or lots of land in Cosby’s Manor containing 7,200 acresand it refers, for the particular description and boundaries of that land, to a deed from the-executors of John M. Scott, of the 25th of December, 1792. This mortgage left the lands intended in as much uncertainty as they were left by the bill, and the question recurs, whether by a bill so general in its reference to the lands in trust, the defendant ought to be charged with notice, at the time he paid off the bond and mortgage, that the lots he bought of Winter were part of the lands in Cosby’s Manor held in trust by Winter. The argument in favour of the defendant is, that the doctrine of notice arising from the filing of the bill, is suificiently severe, and it is reasonable that a plaintiff who means to affect all persons with notice of the subject matter in controversy, and to prevent them from intermeddling with his right, should be obliged to state that subject or right with a certainty and precision not to be mistaken. That in this case the absolute certainty required and pointed out by the references in the bill, was to be found only in private conveyances not averred to be upon record, and to which a stranger had no legal right to demand access. On the other hand, it may be observed that when the defendant discharged his bond and mortgage in the hands of Winter’s assignee, he was told by the bill, that “ divers lands in — 46 — Cosby’s manor,” were held in trust by Winter, and which had been PURCchased by him of Green, and that he had been swelling “ various parts and parcels of those lands.” It is true that there might have been- “ divers lands in- Cosby’s manor,” held in trust by-Winter, and'yet* the lots'-he sold to the defendant have been held by him in his own absolute right. But though this was a possible, it was an improbable fact; and’ if ever a bill contained a sufficient matter to have put a party upon inquiry, the bill, in 1809, answered that purpose. The doctrine of the lis pendens is indispensable-to right and' justice, in the cases and under; the limitations in which it has been applied ; and, according to the observation of Lord Chancellor Manners, we must not suffer the rule to be frittered away-by exceptions. Was it too much to- have required of a purchaser charged with notice of all the facts in the bill of 1809, to have called' Upon Winter to disclose' the source of his title? The-general rulé of this court'is, that what is sufficient to put the party upon inquiry, is good notice in equity. (Lord Hardwicke, in Smith v. Low, 1 Atk. 489.) The least inquiry, even of Winter Himself, would have satisfied' the purchaser, that the lots he purchased'were1 parcel of the trust lands mentioned in the bill. That such was the fact, is admitted by the answer; and the real objection of the party is not to the application of the rule to this particular case, but to the justice and equity of the rule itself. It is, therefore, entirely inadmissible. 2. But-admitting the défendánt to be charged; at-the time he paid-the bond, with notice; as a debtor to the trust estate, of the contents of the original and'supplementary. bills, the next question is, did that notice create any just obstacle to his payment of the bond ? The object of the original bill was to compel Winter to account; and to recall out of his hands the trust lauds remaining unsold: The supplementary bill went further, and prayed that Winter might be restrained from assigning the securities-held in trust, and'that' they might be delivered up to the receiver who should be47 appointed. If the payment of the bond to Hunt, the assignee, was made by the defendant, in his own wrong, it must have been in consequence of the notice contained in this supplementary bill; but it appears to me that the defendant was not affected by either of these bills. Though Winter was prohibited from assigning the securities, he was not, until the appointment of a receiver, prohibited from collecting the debts and rents due the trust estate; and great inconvenience and mischief might ensue, from denying him that power, by mere inference from the bill, and before the appointment of a receiver. I am not for carrying the doctrine of the Us pendens to the length of not only raising a notice by construction sufficient to charge a party, but of also extending the objects of the bill by construction, in order to support the notice. The validity of the sale, or of the payments to Winter, in this case, was not a point raised by the bill for litigation, and the case does not fall within the reason and equity of the rule. His inability to receive payment, and discharge the debtor, must have been the consequence of some subsequent and direct act of the court, or of the appointment of a receiver duly made known to the debtors. Nothing of this kind appears in the case, and the defendant was not, therefore, in the mean time, deprived of his right to pay to the legal owner of the bond. If a payment to Winter would have been good, when nothing more existed to prevent it than the filing of these bills, a payment to his order or assignee, must have been equally so. The debtor had nothing to do with the breach of the injunction by Winter, by the assignment of his bond and mortgage to Hunt, nor with the effect of the suit upon the right of Hunt to take such an assignment. The latter might be responsible to the plaintiffs for the money so received, and yet the payment on the part of the defendant be good; because the constructive notice, arising upon the supplementary bill, was addressed to the assignee, not to the debtor. If the rule was extended further, the debtors would — 48 — be deprived of the opportunity of discharging their debts, and relieving themselves and the land from that incumbrance. There would be no person to whom they could pay. When a receiver was appointed, then the powers of the trustee were completely suspended; and when notice of that appointment was duly given, then any subsequent payment by the debtor to the trustee would be at his peril; but until that event, the debtor had a right to resort to the legal owner of his bond, and discharge it. The debtor, in a case like this, ought to have had notice in fact. I am, accordingly, of opinion, that the plaintiffs have no right, in equity, to compel the defendant, Slayter, to the repayment of any part of the bond, and that the bill, as to him, be dismissed, with costs. Bill dismissed.