Pryor v. Coggin

By the Court. Starnes, J. delivering the opinion. [1.] The alleged error upon which we find it our duty chiefly to observe in this case is, the refusal of the Court below to instruct the Jury that if when he asked for his will the testator were deceived by Matthew Coggin’s handing to him another paper in lieu thereof, which he destroyed, &c. this amounts to a legal revocation. It is true, that the request was not made in writing; and it is also true that the Judge did not, in so many words, refuse so to charge: but he omitted or failed to give such instruction. And the question is raised, whether or not he should have done [447] this, under the circumstances and in consideration of the facta in evidence. His Honor, the Judge, certifies that no request was made to him in writing. That intelligent Magistrate cannot mean to intimate thereby, that as a consequence, he was under no obligation to notice the subject, if the request were preferred or the point made by the Counsel verbally, and was material to a right understanding of the case by the Jury. No one knows' better than he, that in such case, it is the duty of the Judge to give instruction upon the point, whether it be presented in writing or not, if it be properly submitted, and in time. Such a point was presented in this case. If it were true that during the last few days of his life, when he was ill in bed, the testator (knowing what he was saying and doing — and whether he did or not was for the Jury to decide) had asked for his will with an intention to destroy it, or have it destroyed, and another paper was given to him as said will, which he did destroy or have destroyed, then this is a point very material indeed to be considered before this will can be admitted to probate. If the point were made verbally or in writing, and there were any facts to sustain it, it was the duty of the Judge to have called attention to it. Let us see if there are such facts. The record shows, that Matthew Coggin, a principal legatee and one of the executors, states that the testator did call for his will, when ill in bed, and at the time just stated, and that he (Matthew) deceived him by giving to him another paper (an old letter) in its stead. It remains only to be shown that that letter was destroyed by the testator, or at his instance. We are told by Mr. Trice, that a short time previously the testator had expressed dissatisfaction with both the wills (which had been written for him) that he had been dissatisfied a long time — that he wanted another will — that he did not want either of those before him, and that several times afterwards, (and, as is shown, after the time when Matthew states he deceived him with the letter),'he spoke to him about writing ¡fowill, and “as though he did not have any will.” And finally, on the day when Trice last saw him, he said to Matthew, after the for [448] mer had come in, “ Mr. Trice has come, and I want that writing done.” Presently afterwards, Mr. Tiice says he became-speechless, and nothing was done. It is impossible to deny, that such circumstances afford presumptions which a Jury might think sufficient to authorize the conclusion that the testator asked for his will for the purpose of destroying it; and that he afterwards did destroy it, or supposed lie had done so. It is true, as suggested, that on some portion of both the days when Trice had the interviews with him to which we have just referred particularly, the testator was affected by the paralysis with which he suffered, and became speechless; and it is possible that this may go to indicate that his mind was affected, also, at the time: but this was a consideration proper for the Jury. We cannot tell what is its true value. It does not show, however, that the other matter should not have been properly submitted to the Jury. Add to these reflections, the fact of Matthew Coggin’s advantage over the testator, as his nurse, at his bed side ; his interest in the result, and the significance of the circumstances upon which we have been dwelling is increased, and these presumptions are strengthened. We should add, also, the reasonable motive of the testator (as stated by himself with regard to Pennington’s land, &c.) for desiring to change his will, and the presumptions increase, that he did destroy that old letter, and. supposed he had destroyed Ms will. Finally, it will be observed, that this old letter was not produced by the executors, whose interest it was to produce it; which circumstance adds great weight to the presumption that it was destroyed. If those conclusions be correct, the Judge should have called attention to this view of the case in his charge ; and have told the Jury, in effect, that if Matthew had practiced this deceit upon the old man, and the latter had destroyed the letter, thinking it was the will, such circumstances were equivalent to a destruc|jon or revocation of the will itself; and have left it to the Jury to say whether or not such facts were in proof. In connection with his failure so to do, -the Court perhaps [449] erred in saying to the Jury that there were two main questions in the case.' 1. Did the testator know the contents of the will at the time of its execution? 2. Was he of disposing mind and memory? By ignoring the circumstances on which we have been commenting, and by this expression of two leading or main considerations, he excluded the idea that there was any other in the case. Whereas, if what we have said be right, that which the testator had done equivalent to a destruction of the will, was just as important a question as his knowledge of its contents, or the soundness of his mind at the time of its execution. The Jury may have thus been misled as to the materiality or importance of these circumstances. Let the judgment bo reversed.