Rogers v. Dougherty

[272] By the Court. Benning, J. delivering tbe opinion. [1.] The prayer of the bill in this case is, that a receiver-may be appointed to take charge “ of all the assets” of the estate of Henry Rogers, deceased, and particularly, the-slaves mentioned in the bill. This prayer was sanctioned by the Court, and a receiver was appointed. Afterwards, the ' defendant in the bill, who was the main executor of Henry Rogers, moved to have the appointment of a receiver set aside, resting the motion on the ground, that the appointment had been made without notice to him. The Court granted the motion, and set aside the appointment. The question is, was the Court right in doing this ? In such a case as that made by the bill, the Court of Ordinary has power to remove the executor, “ or to pass such other or further order as said Court may think expedient and fit for the better managing and securing” the estate. (Pr. Big. 246.) And that Court is the only Court upon which, as a Court of original jurisdiction, the Legislature has expressly conferred this power. It does not appear by the bill, that any application was ever made to that Court, by the complainants in the bill, for the exercise of this power in their behalf. If the power hag-not been exercised, it has not been the Court, therefore, that has been to blame. Nor does it appear by the bill, that that Court does not still retain undiminished confidence in Dougherty, its appointee as executor. The order appointing the receiver set no limit to the duration of the appointment. It would, therefore, have made the receiver, virtually, the executor of the will of Henry Rogers. In a word, if the order had gone into operation, the effect would have been, not merely to oust from his office for an indefinite period, an appointee of the Court of Ordinary, without consulting that Court, but also to oust that Court for an [273] indefinite period from the power of appointing to the office; and that, too, before the Court had given any evidence that it was a Court not safely to be trusted with the power. In respect to Henry Roger’s will, the Court of Equity and its-receiver would have taken the place of the Court of Ordinary and its executor. All of the assets would have passed out of the hands of the executor into those of the receiver. Now if W'e admit that a Court of Equity has the power to pass an order, productive of such consequences as these, we are surely entitled to insist, that the Court shall not exercise the power, unless the demand for its exercise is exceedingly strong — unless the case which demands its exercise be such as to make it almost certain, that if the power bo" not exercised, the assets will bo lost. What, then, is the sort of case made by the bill ? That case is certainly a strong case of waste and mismanagement by the executor; but as a case of danger to the assets remaining in hand, it is what the following words make it: “ And as the said William Dougherty resides in the County of Muscogee, and keeps said negroes in the County of Walker, convenient to the Alabama and Tennessee lines, and as. your complainants have serious apprehensions that the said Dougherty will remove the same out of the State, and beyond the jurisdiction of the Courts of Georgia,” &c. It is not said here, that Mr. Dougherty threatens to remove the negroes out of the State, or that he so acts with the negroes as to justify the belief, that he is about to remove them out of the State; much less is it said that he is actually removing them out of' the State. All that is said is, that he “keeps” the negroes, at a place “ convenient” to Alabama and Tennessee. But as to what is his purpose for keeping them there, nothing is said. Room, therefore, is left for the inference, that he may have some good reason for keeping them there, such as that that is a place where he has possessions of his own — possessions, perhaps, of long standing. And this is an inference the more [274] readily to be made ; as, from what appears in the bill, it is to be presumed that he has, from the beginning, twenty years ago, all the time kept the negroes at some place convenient" to one or both of these two States, Troup, Muscogee and Walker are counties, of which the first two bound Alabama and the last touches both Alabama and Tennessee; and it would appear that he has resided, during all that time, in first one and then another of these, or some of these counties. Is the mere naked fact, then, that he keeps the negroes at a place convenient to the boundary line of Georgia, such a fact as ought to raise “ serious apprehensions” in the complainants, that he will remove the negroes beyond that line ? It is true, that it is also stated in the bill that the negroes have been levied on to satisfy his private debt, and that the complainants fear that the negroes will be brought to sale under the levy. But the appointment of a receiver could not prevent the negroes from being thus brought to sale; for the appointment would be in a suit to which the plaintiff in the fi. fa. would not be a party, even if the danger of such a sale would be a ground for the appointment of a receiver. This is the case which the bill makes for the appointment-of a receiver. And this, certainly, is not a very strong case. It is not, we think, a case sufficiently strong to justify the' appointment of a receiver, without a previous notice to the person whose place the receiver would take. “ Strictly speaking,” says Daniel, “ a receiver can only be appointed after answer; and it seems formerly to have been-held, that a receiver could not be granted before ; but the-rule was broken by Lord Kenyon in Van vs. Barnett, and the order then made for a receiver before answer, has been followed since, wherever justice has required it, and the merits; have appeared by affidavit.” (3 Danl. Ch. Pr. 427.) And the same author says, further: “ It is to be observed,, however, that the general rule of the Court is, that a motion for a receiver cannot be made, as for an injunction it may be,., without notice.” “ The rule, however, which requires previous notice to be served upon a defendant who has not ap [275] peared, is subject to exception, where the defendant is resident out of the jurisdiction of the Court, and cannot be served.” (Id. Ibid.) Doubtless a case of extreme danger to the fund might also constitute an exception to the rule, although that case is not mentioned as an exception to it, by this author. The case before us is not such a case ; nor is it a case in which the party against whom the receiver is to be appointed, is a non-resident. And if the want of a notice of the application made the -appointment wrong, it was, as a matter of course, the duty of the Court to annul the appointment, whenever requested in a proper manner to do so. We therefore affirm the judgment of the Court.