Gauldin v. Shehee

By the Court. Lumpkin, J. delivering the opinion. [l.Tj Counsel for the defendant in error moved to dismiss this case upon two grounds : 1st. Because it is made returnable to the 4th Monday in July, instead of June ; and 2dly.-Because there is no writ of error. The Act of the last Legislature disposes of the first objection, by declaring-that no objection shall be taken or allowed ito the manner in which any case has been brought up to this Ceurt, provided-the previous provisions of the -Act have been .-substantially complied with. (Pamphlet Acts, p. 200.) Now the previous provisions referred to are to be found in the¡5th section-; and it is there declared that the bill of exceptions shall be returned to the next term of the Supreme-Court for the district, provided it does not sit within fifteen days from the time the same was filed in the Clerk’s office; and if within a shorter period, to the next term of said Court held thereafter. Now this provision of the Act having been complied with,the exception cannot be allowed. The times appointed for the terms of this Court are fixed by law; and parties as well .-as the Court are bound to know and observe them. [535] [2.] Is the bill of exceptions, as at present framed, a writ .of .error ? If it is not, the case must be dismissed, because the Constitution ordains that the trial and determination ofT causes from the Superior Courts shall be by writ of -error;, and the Constitution must be preserved inviolate. There are certain terms used, both in the State and Federal Constitutions, which have a definite, technical meaning, and must bé construed accordingly: such as the writ of habeas corpus, ¿•c. Is this true of the writ of error ? What is a writ of error ? It is defined to be “ an original writ issuing out of Chancery, and lies where a party is aggrieved by any error in the foundation of the proceeding, judgment or execution of the suit in a Court of record; and is in the nature of a commission' to the Judges of the same or a Superior Court, by which they are authorized to examine the record upon which the judgment was given ; and on such examination, to affirm or reverse the same according to law. (2 Tidd’s Practice, 1134.) It is apparent that this Common Law writ is not that which is intended by the Constitution. We have, in Georgia, no Court of Chancery, proper, out of which such a writ could issue. ■ If it be said that this power devolves upon the Judges of the Superior Courts under our system, it is a conclusive reply to suggest, that upon those very Judges this power is conferred by the Act of 1855 -’6. But in the opinion of this Court, the Constitution intended by the writ of error to designate merely the process by which cases were to be brought from the Superior Courts to this Court, to be reviewed. By the Act of the last Legislature, it is declared that when any party is dissatisfied with any decision made by any of the Judges of the Superior Courts of this State, such party may carry the case in which said decision is made, to the Supreme Court, under the following rules and regulations : “ The party complaining of such decision shall make out a bill of exceptions and present it to the Judge making the de [536] cisión within thirty days after the adjournment of the Court-, at which said decision was made; and if such decision was-made at Chambers, within thirty days after such decision was* made: and it shall be the duty of the Judge to certify and1 sign, or refuse to sign, the said bill of exceptions within two* days after the same shall be presented to him, or shall come' to hand.” “ The certificate and order of the Judge, which shall be signed by him, shall be substantially as follows: “I do certify that the following bill of exceptions is true, and contains all the evidence material to a clear understanding of the errors complained of; and the Clerk of the Superior Court of the co.unty of-is hereby required and ordered to make out a complete copy of the record of the case and to certify the same to be transmitted to the-term of the-of the Supreme Court, that the errors alleged to have been committed may be considered and corrected — and which shall be the writ of error in the case.” (Pam. Acts ’55-’6,pp. 199, 200.) And why, we ask, should it not be ? Why not the power exercised by the King through his Chancellor in England, be delegated by the State to the Judges of the Superior Courts--, here? We see no reason ; and if this were a doubtful question, it becomes our duty to affirm the constitutionality of the ■ law. Let us next proceed to examine this case upon its merits: [3.] [4.] The plaintiff in error, Gauldin, purchased of the • defendant a tract of land consisting of upwards of 1300 acres, for which he was to pay him $7.500. The note sued on was. in part payment. He alleges in his plea that before and at-, the time of the trade, the vendor represented the tract to contain 500 acres of river bottom ; that this bottom land constituted the principal inducement to make the purchase; that it was covered with water at the time of the trade, so as to prevent him from making any examination or measurement; that relying solely on the representation of the seller, he madó the contract; that it turns out that there are but 300 acres-, pf bottom land, which the vendor well knew at the time, but* [537] ■which he falsely and fraudulently misstated; and that he had a witness who was present at the time, by whom he could establish his defence, but that after being subpoenaed to attend the Court, he had removed to Alabama; that he expected to-procure the benefit of his testimony at the next term, and that the showing was not made for delay. The presiding Judge refused to continue the case, upon the-ground that if the proof was present, it could not be introduced to sustain the plea, inasmuch as a plea of partial failure-of consideration was not authorized by law. That the Judge mistook the law there can be no doubt. Ibis represented in the argument, and no doubt correctly, that, he was misled in doing so by the obiter construction put upon» the Act of 1836 in McKnight vs. Kellett, (9 Ga. Rep. 532.). That construction was over-ruled by this Court in Simmons vs. Blackman, (14 Ga. Rep. 318,) and repeatedly since. That. the defence set up is available if it can be made out by satisfactory proof there can be no doubt. (Adams’ Equity, 177, and notes.)