Allen v. Holding

— Benning J. By the Court. delivering the opinion. Ought the Court to have granted the. motion'for a new trial? : Only one of the grounds of the motion, was insisted on, in this Court — the ground of the charge of the Court below. That is the only ground, therefore, which will be considered by this Court. The charge was, that if “ Catlett sold to Berry, and gave him bond for titles, and if Berry paid the purchase money to Catlett, then, at that point, their investigation ceased; that it was not material, whether Allen had notice or not; that Catlett could convey no title to said land, to a purchaser, either with, or without, notice; that if a party sold land, and gave his bond for titles, and received the purchase, money, before the deed to Allen was made, that he could not after488 wards convey a title, even to an innocent purchaser for a valuable consideration.” Was this charge right ? We think not. Both parties claimed under the drawer, Catlett; the complainant, by a bond for titles made by Catlett in 1828, or 1829, with the purchase money paid; the defendant, by a deed of conveyance made by Catlett in 1843, and duly re-, corded. The bond, then, was the older of the two instruments. The question on the charge is this: If the purchaser by the deed, had no notice of the bond, when he purchased, is the bond, nevertheless, to prevail over the deed ? And this question depends on another: Bid the payment of the purchase money, by the purchaser under the bond, have the effect, both to transfer the legal title, from the seller to him, and to incapacitate the seller, from conveying the land, even to a person ignorant of the first sale, and who recorded his deed in due time ? The charge of the Court assumes that it had this effect. The Registry Acts say, that a younger conveyance duly recorded, shall prevail over an older not duly recorded, unless the donee in the younger,’bought with notice of the older. This being so, if, in this case, the bond for titles, had been a conveyance, the younger conveyance would have prevailed over it, as the younger was duly recorded, and the donee in it, bought without notice of the older. And what is a bond for titles ? It is an agreement, under penalty, to convey, and an agreement to convey, is not so strong, as an actual conveyance ; and therefore, it would seem, that a younger conveyance that is sufficient to prevail over an older conveyance, ought to be sufficient to prevail over an older agreement to convey; for whatever is sufficient to prevail over the greater, ought to be sufficient to prevail over the less. Again, the Registry Acts mention deeds of bargain and sale. If, therefore, a bond for titles with the purchase money paid, is a deed of bargain and sale, it is within the words of [489] the Registry Acts; and therefore, unless duly recorded, it •will yield to a younger conveyance of any sort, duly recorded, the donee in which, purchased without notice of such bond. I think, myself, that such a bond is, a deed of bargain and sale. A bargain and sale is but an agreement, on a money consideration, to convey, not itself a conveyance — an agreement to convey which, if properly enrolled, was, by the statute of uses, turned into a conveyance. 2 Blade. Com. 338; see Dudley vs. Bradshaw, decided at Macon, June, 1859. And again; if, notwithstanding the payment of the purchase money, by the purchaser under the bond, the legal title still remained in the vendor, then on principles of equity, a subsequent purchaser of this legal title, without notice of.the bond, would be protected against the bond. I rather think, myself, that on the payment of the purchase money, the legal title did pass to the purchaser. Such payment made the vendor, as it seems to me, stand “ seized” of the land, to the use of the vendee; and if it did, then it was a case in which, the use was executed, by the statute of uses; a case in which the legal title and the possession were, by that statute transferred to the use. But, I also rather think, that, even if the use was executed, there still remained, under the Registry Acts, a power — a capacity — in the vendor, to convey the legal title, in a certain case; that is to say, in a case in which, the purchaser should purchase, without notice of the bond, and should duly record his conveyance. And that was perhaps this case. Upon the whole, the conclusion, to which the Court came, is, that it is not true, that the payment of the purchase money under the bond for titles, had the effect both to transfer the legal title, from the vendor, to the purchaser, and to incapacitate the vendor from subsequently conveying the legal title, to a person ignorant of the existence of the bond, and who recorded his conveyance, in due time. The Court thinks, that if Allen, the second purchaser, took a conveyance of the land, founded on a valuable consideration, with [490] out notice of the previous bond for titles, and recorded that conveyance, in due time, the conveyance had .priority-oyer the bond for titles. And, consequently, the Court thinks, that the charge was erroneous, and, that there ought-to be a new trial. There is nothing in Peterson vs. Orr, (12 Ga.J adverse to this conclusion. That was a case in which, the-persons concerned, were,all parties to the bond for titles, nota case in which, there were two sales by the sameperson. No ,doubt a.bond for titles with the. purchase money-paid, is good against, the obligor. It entitles the obligee to. the possession, as against the obligor; c.ertainly, in- equity; and if, in equity, then, also at law, by the Act. of. 1820, which says, that if a party conceives, that-he cam establish his,case, without- resorting to the conscience of; his adversary, he. may-sue at law, and shall not be compelled to sue in equity. -And .so this Court.;has-repeatedly held. See Dudley vs. Bradshaw, supra. Judgment reversed