Ware v. City Bank

Bleckley, Judge. . 1. The action was against the drawer and the executor of the indorser. “ In all cases the indorser may be sued in the same action, and in the same county, with the maker, or drawer, or acceptor ” : Oode, §2782. Under the constitution (Code, §5122,) it admits of question whether this provision for forcing the indorser to the drawer’s county could not be resisted by timely objection to the jurisdiction. The language of the constitution is, that “ suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes, or other like instruments, residing in different counties, shall be tried in the county where the maker resides.” “ Other like instruments ” will include bills of exchange; but-after acceptance of a bill the — 845 — acceptor, and not the drawer, according to the common authorities, stands in the relation corresponding to that of the maker of anote: 21 Ga., 135; 1 Parsons on Notes and Bills, 54. The Code, however, seems to treat the drawer as maker: section 2773. But what the indorser might have done in the present case need not be considered, for he waived his right of objecting to the jurisdiction by pleading to the merits. The Code declares, in section 3461, that “ if a defendant appear and plead to the merits, without pleading to the jurisdiction, and without excepting thereto, he thereby admits the jurisdiction of the court.” The suit was returnable to November term, 1874. On the 24th of May, 1875, the indorser filed the plea of ‘‘not indebted,” and some special pleas setting up his discharge. The case was tried at May term, 1876. At no time, so far as appears, was any distinct objection presented to the jurisdiction of the court-It may be that it was the purpose to make that question by the various exceptions taken to the declaration before and after it was amended; but if so, there was no direct avowal of the purpose, and, moreover, all this occurred while the pleas to the merits were in. The waiver, under section 3461 of the Code, had already taken place. The pleas were never withdrawn. 2. The declaration seems to have stood in its original form, not demurred to or otherwise attacked, until the term of the court at which the trial took place. We think its original form was correct, and we direct that form to be restored by amendment. The legal significance of the declaration, as it comes up in the transcript of the record, is, perhaps, substantially the same now as it was then. Eead in connection with a copy of the draft annexed to it, the relation to each other of the parties sued, can be made out with adequate legal certainty — see 13 Ga., 311; but the drawer and indorser ought, in perfect strictness, to be named as such, respectively, and they were so named at first. Let the proper designation of each be restored. 3. According to the bill of exceptions, a part of the — 846 — amendment made at the trial ti’eated the instrument declared upon as a promissory note; but no such matter is found in the declaration itself, as the transcript of the record sets it forth. In this court, the transcript, and not the bill of exceptions, is to govern in respect to the real contents of the pleadings. 56 Ga., 439. 4. The bill sued on was drawn by Haslam, payable to his own order. He indorsed it, and then negotiated it to Ware for value. This appears from the evidence. Ware, either before or after it was accepted by the drawees, indorsed it; and after it was accepted, he put it in circulation with his own name upon it as second indorser. Both indorsements were in blank. Now, with recpect to the regularity of the bill, and the proper designation of Haslam and Ware as parties, and their relations to each other, it is wholly immaterial whether Ware indorsed before acceptance or after, or whether the acceptance was for the sole accommodation of Haslam, or for the accommodation, and at the request of Ware, also. Haslam fills precisely the description of drawer and first indorser. Code, §2773. And Ware, having indorsed subsequently, and paid value, has, as against Haslam, the rights of a second indorser. Code, §2780 ; 46 Ga., 17. They are not joint prornissors, upon the bill, in any sense whatever. Grant that the acceptors accepted for their joint accommodation, and that the acceptors were never put in funds with which to pay, this would not enable the holders to treat the two indorsements as one. Payment of the bill by the acceptors out of their own funds would not entitle the acceptors to maintain any action whatever on the bill itself. They would have to sue for money paid, and the bill would be relevant as matter of inducement only. 23 Ga., 49; 52 Ib., 379; 54 Ib., 104. In 52 Ga., supra, where it was held that the drawer and indorser were liable to the accommodation acceptor as joint prornissors, it was expressly stated in the opinion that the action was not on the paper, but for money paid. As the money sued for was paid at the request of — 847 — both, they were jointly liable to refund it; justas they would have been if the request had been made and complied with without the use of a bill. But a suit by the holder, as in the present case, must be on the bill itself; and the bill being perfectly regular as to the parties, there is no occasion for raising any imaginary difficultities in pleading. The parties sued are drawer and indorser, and as such they are liable to the plaintiff in this action. The evidence of Jones, one of the acceptors, was utterly immaterial, for which reason it is unnecessary to decide whether the death of Ware, the indorser, rendered him incompetent to testify or not. Any error in the charge of the court based on his evidence, was also immaterial. .5. The defence insisted upon by the executor of the indorser was, that he was discharged because of notice given to the holder to sue, under the Code, §2156 ; and because of failure of the holder to proceed against the cotton mortgaged in the same instrument which is now sued upon as a draft or bill. Of the notice to sue, it is enough to say that it failed to give the county of the residence of the parties to bo sued, or of any of them. It described the acceptors as of Macon, meaning, most probably, the city of Macon; but as there is also a Macon county in the state, the notice was ambiguous. The statute entitles a creditor to be informed by the notice in what county the debtor or debtors reside, against whom suit is to be brought; and it is expressly declared that a notice, wanting in this requisite, shall not be effectual. 6. In the body of the bill or draft declared upon, was a crop lien or mortgage, and a stipulation to deliver cotton at the warehouse of the acceptors. This part of the contract was between the drawer and the acceptors, and was for the security and protection of the latter. It was the mode adopted for putting the acceptors in funds with which to pay the draft, or (in case of failure to deliver the cotton) for enabling them by foreclosure of the lien or mortgage to reimburse themselves for advances which they might have to — 848 — make out of their own means to meet the draft 'at maturity. When the bill was accepted and put in circulation, any holder of the same could look to the acceptors as well as to the drawer and indorsers for payment, but could have no right to interfere with the security which had been the basis of the acceptance. In order to pass that security to the holder, some assignment of it by the acceptors would be necessary. It would not pass out of the acceptors and into the holder by any chain of indorsement beginning with the payee. The payee could not indorse away the security to which the acceptors looked when they engaged their personal credit and responsibility for the payment of the bill. It is plain, therefore, that if cotton reached the warehouse of the acceptors which was subject to be appropriated by them to this draft, they were entitled to the custody of it, and it was neither the duty nor the right of the holder of the bill to disturb their possession. 36 Ga., 410; I. Otto, 92; 19 Ga., 73 ; Code, § 2779. It follows, that the defense to the action was wholly unavailable and inadmissible, in so far 'as it rested upon a failure of the holder to proceed against the cotton. 7. It was objected that the rate of interest mentioned in the draft was not collectible by the holder, but only the ordinary rate of seven per cent. Possibly, the promise as to interest might be construed to mean that the drawer would pay to the acceptors at the stipulated rate, if the acceptors had to advance money of their own to take up the bill. We incline to think, however, and so rule, that the sounder construction is, that the bill itself was intended to bear the conventional rate specified, and that the court below was correct in computing interest accordingly. On the subject of attorneys’ fees, we entertain a different view. The contract as to them, appears to be altogether between the drawer and the acceptors, and to relate to the enforcement of the lien, etc. The cases in 49 Ga., 604, and 57 Ib., 333, seem to apply. The action being by the holder upon the draft, we think the attorneys’ fees should be disallowed, and we direct that — 849 — the verdict as to them, be set aside, and the judgment be reduced to correspond with the verdict as thus modified. 8. Finally, the judgment can and should be amended so as to conform to the declaration in describing one of the defendants as drawer, and the other as indorsor. The Code, §3572, directs, that in j udgments against sureties or indorsersj the relation of the parties under the contract shall be designated and identified, and that execution shall issue accordingly. Let this be done. Judgment reversed in part, with directions as indicated above.