Hodge v. Brown

Bleckley, Chief Justice. Section 2057(f) of the code provides that “all titles made as part of an usurious contract, or to evade the laws against usury, are void.” Section 1954. declares that “ a mortgage in this State is only a security for a debt, and passes no title.” Tided by statute law, the result is, that any security for a debt, which when pure affords the security by passing title, is, when contaminated by usury, void and of no effect. But a security by mortgage, as it passes no title, is not rendered void by the statute. And we know of no law not statutory which requires or authorizes us to hold that a mere ordi 278 nary mortgage to secure a debt has less vitality than the debt itself. When the whole contract for payment is void, so is any mortgage given to secure payment; or, when the contract for payment is void in part, that is, as to so much or such a proportion of the promise, or the stipulated sum, the mortgage also is void to the same extent. So far as the debt is sound the mortgage is sound. Here it is contended that the infirmity of the mortgage is total, though the debt in part is valid. We rule otherwise, and thus affirm the judgment. I will add for myself that excellent reasons could be given why all securities of every kind taken by a creditor to secure an infected promise, ought to be null and void. Such a rule of law would act as a powerful preventive of usury, and in a case fully proved, would be free-from any, even the slightest, injustice to the usurer• What moral right has one who violates the law by taking or contracting to take usury — what moral right has he, having thus insulted the law, to any aid from it to enforce the security upon which he has rested his illegal bargain? It seems quite enough to afford him such remedies to recover his real debt, with lawful interest, as unsecured creditors have by the general collecting laws of the State. When the legislature really wants to prevent the practice of usury, it can do so in a great degree by striking down all securities on which usury is built up. Judgment affirmed.