Kingsbery v. People's Furniture Co.

Holden, J. (After stating the facts). The Civil Code, §4867, provides: “All official duties should be faithfully fulfilled, and whenever, from any cause, a defect of legal justice would ensue from a failure or improper fulfillment, the writ of mandamus may issue to compel a due performance, if there be no other specific legal remedy for 'the legal rights.” Conceding that the People’s Furniture Company had the legal right to have the magistrate enter on his docket a judgment of dismissal of the ease, was mandamus, under the facts stated, the remedy by which to have this done? Mandamus was not the proper remedy unless “there was no other specific legal remedy for the legal rights.” Under the facts of this case, was certiorari a specific legal remedy to effectuate the legal right of having the judgment of dismissal by the magistrate entered upon his docket? In the case of Starnes v. Tanner, 73 Ga. 144, it was held: “If a justice of the peace improperly refused a motion to enter up judgment against a garnishee who was in default, the proper method of correcting such error was by certiorari, and not by mandamus to compel him to enter the judgment.” It was there further held that mandamus never issues unless there is no other specific legal remedy for such rights; which is substantially the same law laid down in the Civil Code, §4867. Napier v. Poe, 12 Ga. 170 ; State v. Georgia Medical Society, 38 Ga. 608 (95 Am. D. 408). But in the case of Singer Mfg. Co. v. McNeal Co., 117 Ga. 1005 (44 S. E. 801), where a writ of certiorari was sued out upon the refusal of the magistrate to enter a default judgment against a garnishee failing to answer, it was held that such writ was prematurely sued out, because the garnishment proceeding was still pending in the magistrate’s court after the refusal to render such judgment against the garnishee. This case overruled the decision in Starnes v. Tanner, supra, in so far as the latter was in conflict therewith; but it does not change the principle announced in the Starnes ease, that if there was a specific remedy by certiorari, ,ja remedy by mandamus did not exist. In this case the company [368] not only made a motion that the magistrate enter, a judgment of" dismissal, but, when the case was called for trial upon appeal,, counsel for the company appeared, and the record shows that, “said appeal coming on tó be heard before respondent [plaintiff in error] and a jury duly impaneled in court, the attorney for the company insisted that the case had been dismissed and that the sameeould not be heard by the magistrate and a jury impaneled for the purpose of trying the same.” It does not appear in what manner-the jury was stricken, but it appears that it was duly impaneled when the case came on to be heard; and the meaning of the agreed statement of facts would seem to be that the attorney for the company, after the jury was duly impaneled, insisted before the magistrate not only that the case had been dismissed, but that it could not be heard before the jury “impaneled for the purpose of trying the same.” It is unnecessary to consider what the word “impaneled” means in its technical sense. See Penal Code, §848, where,, in the same sentence, the word “impaneled” seems to denote a number of jurors from which to strike, and a number of jurors after being stricken. The language used in regard to a “jury,” in the agreed statement of facts, seems to indicate that the word “impaneled” was used in the sense of “selected.” But whether it meant jurors present and qualified, from which to strike a jury to try the case, or whether it meant a jury already selected, it appears that counsel for the company insisted before the magistrate that the case could not be beard by him “and a jury impaneled for the purpose of trying the same” when, the case ca/me on to he heard before the magistrate “and a jury duly impaneled in said court,” and the action of the magistrate, in denying the motion and overruling the objections, was subject to review by writ of certiorari after the case was tried by a jury and a verdict rendered. It further appears from the facts that the magistrate, after hearing argument from the attorney for the company, who opened and concluded the argument, overruled the motion to enter judgment dismissing the ease, and allowed the same to go to “the said jury.” The case then went to trial, in which counsel for the company did not participate, but, after the jury rendered its verdict, he announced his. intention to sue out a writ of certiorari. It seems that counsel for the company, after the jury was duly impaneled, objected to the case being tried by the jury, though he did not participate [369] therein. This action of the magistrate in denying the motion of the attorney for the company that the magistrate enter a judgment dismissing the case, and in overruling his objections to the ease being tried by a jury, was reviewable by certiorari. Sing Wah v. Singer, 110 Ga. 299 (34 S. E. 1027). Before making an application for the writ of mandamus, it was proper for the applicant to make a demand that the magistrate enter the judgment of dismissal on his docket. Leonard v. Souse, 15 Ga. 473. If such motion had been made and refused by the magistrate at a time other than when the case came on to be tried, whether the action of the magistrate in refusing the motion could or could not have been reviewed by a writ of certiorari, it is certain that the company could by such writ review the action of the magistrate in overruling the motion to enter judgment dismissing the case, and the objection to tho trial because the case had been dismissed,' when such motion and objection were made when the case came on to be tried before a jury who rendered a verdict for the plaintiff in the case. The right to a mandamus compelling the magistrate to enter a judgment of dismissal would not exist unless it would be erroneous for the magistrate to refuse a motion made before him to enter such judgment. If it was erroneous to refuse such motion, and the motion was made when the case came on to be heard before the jury, certainly error could be assigned on such refusal, in an application for certiorari, after the verdict of the jury against the applicant. A party complaining of a verdict against him can, in an application for a writ of certiorari, assign error on any ruling of the magistrate, adverse to the applicant, made when the case came on for trial. If it was error to refuse a motion to enter a judgment of .dismissal, this action of the magistrate refusing such motion when the case came on to be heard could not only be reviewed by certiorari, but, upon the hearing of the certiorari, the .judge of the superior court could set aside the verdict and render a final judgment dismissing the ease, or remand it with instructions that the magistrate enter on his docket a judgment dismissing the same— the very thing and the only thing sought by the company in the mandamus proceeding. The docket and papers in the case in the justice’s court do not show that there was not a clear track over which the case traveled from the issuance of the summons to the verdict, unobstructed by any judgment of dismissal. The defend [370] ant in error sought, by mandamus, after the trial and verdict, to have a judgment of dismissal placed on the docket, in front of the verdict, for the purpose of defeating it; but when the defendant in error appeared in the justice’s court, when the case came on to be tried before the magistrate and a jury, and insisted before the magistrate that the trial could not be had, because the case had been dismissed, and made a motion to enter judgment dismissing the case, and the objection and motion were overruled, defendant in error put itself in a position where it had a right, by certiorari, to review the action of the court in having the case tried over its objection, and in overruling its motion, involving the very question in the mandamus proceeding; and as it had a clear and undoubted right by certiorari, if it was erroneous to enter a judgment of dismissal, to do the very thing it seeks to accomplish by mandainus, it is not entitled to operate with the writ of mandamus for the purpose of having a judgment of dismissal entered on the docket, under the plain provisions of the Civil Code, §4867, and the decisions cited above. Judgment reversed. All the Justices concur.