Bank of Lumpkin v. Peoples Bank

Hill, J. (After stating the foregoing facts.) The amendment to the demurrer, contending that the act of the defendant bank was ultra vires, was objected to by the plaintiff on the ground that it came too late, as it should have been filed at the appearance term, being in its nature a special demurrer; and an exception was taken to the overruling of this objection. Objection was [461] also made on the ground that this was a matter for a plea in abatement and not for demurrer. We do not think there is any merit in either of these objections to the filing of the demurrer, as in our opinion the demurrer was in the nature of a general demurrer or a motion to” dismiss, and could be filed at any time, and it was proper to make the question by general demurrer and not by plea, as the court would have the right to take judicial cognizance of the charter of the defendant bank filed in the office of the secretary of State. But the view we take of the main, question in this case renders immaterial the questions thus made. The question is whether the promise of the defendant bank, in its telegram to the plaintiff, was an original undertaking within the scope of its general business, or was a pledging of its credit solely for the benefit of the drawee of the drafts, in which event it would be an ultra vires act, and the.bank would not be liable. The principle is well established, especially by the decisions of the courts of this State in the cases of Bank of Omega v. Wingo &c. Co., 19 Ga. App. 177 (91 S. E. 251), and First National Bank of Tallapoosa v. Monroe, 135 Ga. 614 (69 S. E. 1123, 32 L. R. A. (N. S.) 550), that a bank cannot lend its credit to another, cannot become indorser for another, and cannot guarantee the payment of the debt of another solely for the benefit of the debtor. Under the decision in the ease of Bank of Omega v. Wingo Sc. Go., supra, we think it clear that the promise of the Athens bank in the present case constituted an original undertaking and not an act of suretyship. Upon the receipt of the telegram from the Athens bank, agreeing to honor the drafts and pay for the 2,500 bushels of peas at $3.50 a bushel, and relying upon its promise, the Bank of Lumpkin advanced the money and deposited the drafts with the bills of lading attached, and thereby the peas purchased became the property of the Athens bank, possession of which it was entitled to on the payment' of the drafts, and thereafter the Bank of Lumpkin relied solely upon the Athens bank for payment. The Athens bank’s telegram of acceptance to the Bank of Lump-kin was conditioned only upon two things: that the peas should be paid for at $3.50 per bushel, and that the bills of lading should be attached to the drafts. This was a perfectly legitimate banking transaction. The Bank of Lumpkin had a right to rely upon the promise of the Athens bank. Indeed it had a right tc rely upon [462] the inference that the Athens bank was to pay these drafts out oí funds that it had on hand of the Creekmore Company, on which the drafts were drawn. The Bank of Lumpkin had the right to assume that it was a legitimate banking transaction and that the Creekmore Company had funds in the hands of the Athens bank out of which to pay these drafts. The transaction, tersely stated, is as follows: Singer, at Lumpkin, had peas to sell. Creekmore Company, a customer of the Peoples Bank of Athens, desired to buy these peas. These parties had to use the banks to carry out this commercial transaction. If the Peoples Bank had been at Lumpkin and had desired to furnish the money to the Creekmore Company to buy these peas, the bank could have taken the bills of lading in its name and given the purchase-money over to the Creekmore Company, or to Singer, and if such had been the case it would not have been said that the bank in advancing the money was acting outside of its charter. But the Peoples Bank was not at Lumpkin and could not pay over the money to Singer for the peas for the account of its customer, the Creekmore Company; therefore the Peoples Bank used the wire and the services of the Bank of Lumpkin. It wired the Bank of Lumpkin to pay for the peas, 2,500 bushels, at $3.50 a bushel, and to draw the drafts 03i the Creekmore Company for the amount, with the bills of lading attached. In our opinion this was an original undertaking in which it was agreed, in effect, to pay back the money to the Bank of Lumpkiu if the Bank of Lumpkin advanced it under the instructions of the Peoples Bank; and the Bank of Lumpkin carried out the instiuctions given it by the Peoples Bank to the very letter and paid for the peas at $3.50 a bushel, 2,500 bushels, and drew the drafts on the Creekmore Company through the Peoples Bank, with the bills of lading attached. The transaction between the two hanks was a usual and ordinary banking transaction. If such transactions were ultra vires, banks would be crippled and commercial transactions greatly delayed and hindered. We therefore conclude that the learned trial judge erred in sustaining the demurrer to the petition on the ground covered by the amended demurrer, to the effect that the act of the Athens bank was ultra vires, and for that reason not enforceable. Judgment reversed. Jenkins, P. J., and Stephens, J., concur.