Neugent v. Neugent

The Surrogate. In the absence oi an attesting clause, where the person who drew the will is so uncertain as to what was done, it would be very unsafe to adjudge the will in question properly executed. If other formalities had been observed, I should feel somewhat reluctant to hold that there was evidence of a publication of the will, in the absence of an attesting clause, yet as it was read to the testatrix, it is quite probable that she understood" the nature of the instrument that she procured the witness, Welsh, to subscribe for her. • In Campbell v. Logan (2 Bradf., 98), it was held that where the testator desired a former will to be altered, and a new will was drawn, and it was read to the testatrix, and signed by her, she stating the writing was sufficient, and asked the witnesses to sign, though they could not remember that she declared it to be her last will, but only said it was all right, the evidence established a substantial declaration by the deceased, of the testamentary character of the instrument at the time of its execution. In Moore v. Moore (2 Bradf., 265), Surrogate Bradford says, that no particular form is requisite; all that — 373 — the law requires is that the testator shall communicate to the witness that it is his will, and desires them to attest. This can be done by reading, and other acts performed by third persons, provided an intelligent assent on the part of the testator is shown. In Carle v. Underhill (3 Bradf., 105), the following language is used: “When the testator in the presence of the subscribing witnesses dictates the provisions of the instrument, reads it aloud after it is shown, signs it, and requests them to give their attestation, the substance of what the statute requires is performed; that then he manifests it, and makes public and open, the nature of the act.” In Bagley v. Blackman, (2 Lans., 41), it appeared that the instrument propounded was executed by the testator, and the witnesses were requested to sign the - same, and it appeared that they had been called for the purpose of signing the will, but it no where appeared that the testator declared what the instrument was, and the witnesses had no knowledge that the instrument was a will, except from that- fact. The court reversed the order of the Surrogate admitting the will to probate. In Brinkerhoff v. Remsen (8 Paige, 488), it was held that where the instrument propounded was in the hand writing of a third person, and executed by the deceased by signing it, and acknowledging it to be her hand, and seal, in the presence of the subscribing witnesses, and the instrument was not read, nor was anything said at the time from which the witnesses understood it to be a. will,—the instrument was not duly executed, though the attestation clause which was not read in the hearing of the witnesses stated the will to have been duly published in the presence of such witnesses. At page 498, the Chancellor says: “I think there can — 374 — be no reasonable doubt, that if this will, and attestation clause, or even the attestation clause alone, had been read over in the presence and hearing of the testatrix or that the witnesses could be fully satisfied that she knew and understood its meaning, that request to them to attest it as witnesses, would have been such a recognition of the instrument as her will, as to make it an execution thereof, according to the spirit and intent of the statute.” .In the Matter of Forman (1 Tucker, 205), one attesting witness testified that the testator told her in the room where the will was” executed, before signature, that it was her will; and the other witness testified that while she did not, in the room where the will was executed, tell her that it was her will, yet when she came to the kitchen to call her as a witness, she told her that she wanted her to witness her will—held that this was sufficient, together with the proof that she signed the instrument in the presence of two witnesses, and they signed their names in her presence, and in the presence of each other. In Gilbert v. Knox (52 N. Y., 125), it appeared by the testimony of one of the subscribing witnesses, that he was present at the execution; it was subscribed by the testator in the presence of the witnesses; one of the witnesses stated to the testator that it was necessary that he should request the witnesses to sign his will, as such, and say that it was his (testator’s) will, and that he wished the witness to sign as such. This occurred after the will was signed, and before the witnesses signed, and in the presence of the testator, and each of the witnesses; the testator made no reply. Witness testified that he had no doubt but that the testator heard him, and that the testator took the will, and retained it. - The Surrogate refused the probate as for want of a — 375 — valid publication, but the Court of Appeals reversed it, holding that there was a valid publication, as the witness had charge of the execution, and assumed to speak for the testator, and that his agency was consistent with his relation to the testator, and the will. Judge Andrews says, at page 130, “ the circumstances show that the testator intended to make a valid execution of the will, and the witnesses signed it at his request within the case of Peck v. Cary. If he is held to have adopted the declaration of Cohn (the witness) in respect to the attestation by the witnesses, the presumption is equally strong that he adopted that part of it in which Cohn declared that it was the will of the testator.” The cases above cited present the extreme limit of a valid publication, and it seems to me that this case does not come up to the standard laid down by either of the cases cited. In this case there appears to have been no declaration by the testatrix that the instrument was her will, nor did Welsh, who attended to its execution, make any such declaration to the witness Cosgrove, nor does it appear that Cosgrove heard the will read, and all he knew about the instrument being a will was, that Mr. Welsh asked him to sign as a witness; and from the evidence, I am satisfied that there was not such a publication as is required by the statute. Indeed, the testimony of the witness Cosgrove does not show that he was present when the testatrix signed the will, or that he heard her make any remark in respect to it, neither did she state what the instrument was, nor ask the witnesses to subscribe the same as such. The weight of the testimony upon the subject of the request of the testatrix to the witness Cosgrove, to sign as such, seems to be, that nothing was said by the testatrix, but he was requested to sign by the other witness Welsh. — 376 — It does not appear that that request was in the presence, or hearing of the testatrix, and it does quite clearly appear that the subscribing- by Oosgrove was in an adjoining room, and I think there is an absence of proof that the testatrix knew that Oosgrove subscribed the instrument. I am aware that it is not essential that the attesting witnesses should each subscribe in the presence of the other (Hoysradt v. Kingman, 22 N. Y., 372 ; Willis v. Mott, 36 Id., 486), nor is it necessary that the witnesses should sign in the presence of the testator. . (Rudden v. McDonald, 1 Bradf., 352; Jackson v. Christman, 4 Wend., 277). If they sign at the testator’s request, although in an adjoining room, out of sight, it is sufficient, though their signing must be done at the time of the execution, or acknowledgment with the knowledge and at the request of the testator (Lyon v. Smith, 11 Barb., 124), but I think the proof in this case fails to show that the signing of the witness Cos-grove rvas with the knowledge, or at the request, of the testatrix. In Lewis v. Lewis (11 N. Y., 220), Mr. Justice Allen says, “the legislature have made.four things essential to the proper execution and attestation of a will. The want of conformity to any of these requisites, will validate the instrument as a testament. They are : 1st. A subscription by the testator at the end of the will. 2d. The making of such subscription in the presence of each .of the attesting witnesses, or an acknowledgment of the making of the same to them. 3d. A declaration by the testator at the time of making or acknowledging the subscription, that the instrument so subscribed, is his last will and testament. 4th. The two attesting witnesses shall sign at the end of the will at the request of the testator.” — 377 — In that case, one of the witnesses testified that he signed his name at the end of the attestation clause, .at the request of the testator, and that the other witness was called by the deceased into his private office, where he had the paper of which he turned up so much as would allow them to write their names, requesting them to sign the same, and add their residence, and that he said “I declare the within tobe my free will and deed;” that this was all that was said ; that the witness did not know it to be a will, but thought it was, from the fact that the deceased that morning sent out, and procured a blank will; that he did not see the paper signed by the testator, or see his signature. It was held that the will was not duly proved. On a careful review of all these authorities, and the testimony in this case, I am of the opinion that the will in question has not been duly proved, and that the probate should be denied, for the reason that the testatrix did not publish the instrument according to law, and that the subscribing witness Cosgrove did not subscribe at the request of the testatrix, or in her presence. Decree accordingly.