People v. Mull

Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of burglary in the second degree (Penal Law § 140.25 [2]). Contrary to defendant’s contention, Supreme Court’s Sandoval ruling did not constitute an abuse of discretion. Defendant’s prior conviction of false personation pursuant to Penal Law § 190.23 bore directly on his credibility, inasmuch as it involved an act of individual dishonesty by him (see People v Smikle, 82 AD3d 1697, 1697 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 801 [2011]; see generally People v Sandoval, 34 NY2d 371, 377 [1974]; People v Arguinzoni, 48 AD3d 1239, 1240-1241 [2008], lv denied 10 NY3d 859 [2008]), and the court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the prosecutor to question defendant concerning the facts underlying that conviction (see People v Thompson, 295 AD2d 917, 918 [2002], lv denied 98 NY2d 772 [2002]). Although defendant contends that the court failed to balance the probative value of defendant’s prior convictions against their potential for undue prejudice, we note that it is well settled that “an exercise of a trial court’s Sandoval discretion should not be disturbed merely because the court did not provide a detailed recitation of its underlying reasoning . . . , particularly where, as here, the basis of the court’s decision may be inferred from the parties’ arguments” (People v Walker, 83 NY2d 455, 459 [1994]; see People v Carter, 38 AD3d 1256, 1257 [2007], lv denied 8 NY3d 982 [2007]). Defendant further contends that the court erred in admitting [1446] in evidence testimony concerning defendant’s prior aggressive behavior toward one of the victims because it was introduced solely to demonstrate his criminal propensity and thus was inadmissible under People v Molineux (168 NY 264 [1901]). We reject that contention. Even assuming, arguendo, that the victim’s testimony constitutes Molineux evidence (see generally People v Ventimiglia, 52 NY2d 350 [1981]; Molineux, 168 NY 264), we conclude that such testimony was properly admitted inasmuch as it was relevant to establish defendant’s intent and motive, as well as to provide relevant background information, and its probative value outweighed its prejudicial effect (see People v Alvino, 71 NY2d 233, 241-242 [1987]; People v Nelson, 57 AD3d 1441, 1442 [2008]). In any event, any error with respect to the admission of that testimony is harmless (see generally People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230, 241-242 [1975]). With respect to defendant’s further contention that he was deprived of a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct during summation, defendant failed to object to several of the allegedly improper comments, and thus his contention with respect to those comments is unpreserved for our review (see People v Freeman, 78 AD3d 1505 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 952 [2010]; People v Overlee, 236 AD2d 133, 136 [1997], lv denied 91 NY2d 976 [1998]). We decline to exercise our power to review his contention with respect to the allegedly improper comments that are not preserved for our review {see CPL 470.15 [6] [a]), and we reject defendant’s contention with respect to the remaining allegedly improper comments. Those comments were “ ‘either a fair response to defense counsel’s summation or fair comment on the evidence’ ” (People v Green, 60 AD3d 1320, 1322 [2009], lv denied 12 NY3d 915 [2009]; see People v Figgins, 72 AD3d 1599, 1600 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 893 [2010]). Contrary to defendant’s further contention, we conclude that the evidence is legally sufficient to support the conviction (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]). Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People (see People v Contes, 60 NY2d 620, 621 [1983]), we conclude that there is a “ ‘valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences from which a rational jury could have found the elements of the crime proved beyond a reasonable doubt’ ” (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]; see Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495). The jury could have reasonably inferred that defendant intended to commit a crime inside the victims’ residence based on the evidence of his use of force to gain entry to the house (see People v Bergman, 70 AD3d 1494 [2010], lv denied 14 NY3d 885 [2010]; People v Gates, 170 AD2d 971 [1991], lv denied 78 NY2d 922 [1447] [1991]). That “ ‘inference is buttressed by numerous other factors’ ” (Bergman, 70 AD3d at 1494), including testimony that defendant had visited the residence a few days prior to the burglary and that, after being told to stop entering the residence, he continued to do so until one of the victims fired a gun in his direction. Finally, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crime as charged to the jury (see Danielson, 9 NY3d at 349), and giving the appropriate deference to the jury’s credibility determinations (see People v Hill, 74 AD3d 1782 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 805 [2010]), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495). Present — Peradotto, J.E, Garni, Lindley, Sconiers and Green, JJ.