YIU

Interim Decision #2061

MATTER OF YIU In Visa Petition Proceedings A-19182846 Decided by Board November 19, 1970

Beneficiary, who was born in Hong Kong in 1940 (the daughter of a female servant who resided in petitioner's household), and whose care and cus- tody were vested in petitioner in Hong Kong upon the death of benefici- ary's mother in 1949, was not validly adopted by petitioner since the gov- erning Chinese law and custom permits adoption only for purposes of family succession and is limited to males; further, adoption of strangers is allowed only when a person has exhausted all his kindred, and even then the adopted child must be of the same surname. ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: Arlin W. Hargreaves, Esquire Fallon, Hargreaves & Bixby 30 Hotaling Place San Francisco, California 94111

Petitioner appeals from a decision of the District Director de- nying this petition filed to accord the beneficiary status as the adopted daughter of a United States citizen. For reasons to be mentioned herein, we order this appeal dismissed. Petitioner, a native of Hong Kong, claims that in 1949 she adopted the beneficiary, who was born in Hong Kong on February [5, 1940. The beneficiary was the daughter of a female servant yvho resided in petitioner's household and when the servant died n 1949, petitioner commenced carrying for the child. The record liscloses that, following her mother's decease in 1949, the benefi- :iary, under section 31 (2) of the Hong Kong Protection of Nomen and Girls Ordinance, became a ward of the Secretary for 2hinese Affairs. Care and custody of the beneficiary were vested n the petitioner. In denying the visa petition, the District Director concluded ;hat this was not a valid adoption under Article 1079 of the Thinese Civil Code inasmuch as the adoption was not in writing. He further stated that "Chinese customary law and Article 1079 )¹. the Chinese Civil Code require that an adopted person assume

Interim Decision #2061

the surname of the adopter. None of these conditions have been met." Petitioner argues on appeal that Article 1079 of the Chinese Civil Code does not govern here since it is not the personal law of Chinese domiciled in Hong Kong. She has presnted a memoran- dum on Chinese law and custom written by a barrister, Anthony Dicks, dated February 14, 1967 concerning the adoption of one Cyril Noel Bagalawis in Hong Kong. Therein the writer states that Chinese law and custom prevail in Hong Kong to Chinese domiciled there. We agree. The Chinese Civil Code which was in force on the Chinese mainland from 1930 to 1950 cannot be con- sidered the personal law of the petitioner or of the beneficiary, for they were not born in China and were not domiciled in China. Therefore, Chinese customary law as it applies in Hong Kong governs here, Matter of Wong, Interim Decision No. 1982 (BIA, 1969)² In that connection we note that under Chinese customary law the adoption of the beneficiary, a female, would be impossible. Chinese customary law permits adoption only for purposes of suc- cession to the family and is limited to males. 2 Additionally, the adoption of strangers is prohibited and allowed only when a per- son has exhausted all his kindred. However, the adopted chld must be of the same surname. 4 Since the beneficiary is a female and a stranger to petitioner's household, it is clear that she can- not be considered to be validly adopted under Chinese law and custom. ORDER It is ordered that the appeal be and the same is hereby dismissed.

Footnotes

[1] Another reason, indicated in the record, for the application of Chinese custom law to adoptions effected in Hong Kong sterns from the fact that, in 1999, no statute governing adoptions had been enacted by the Hong Kong authorities. See Report of the Governor's Committee an Chinese Law and Custom in Hong Kong, p. 49 (Hong Kong 1948).

[2] Id. at p. 200. I Report of the Governor's Committee on Chinese Law and Custom in Hong Kong (Extract from Report on Child Adoption and Domestic Service Among Chinese), p. 194 (Hong Kong 1948). See also Jamison, Chinese Fam- ily and Commercial Law, pp. 17-31 (China 1921).