Mayor of New York v. Lyons

By the Court. Daly, F. J. This judgment was undoubt- - edly irregular. The condition of the bond upon which the action was brought was that the defendantLyons would well and faithfully execute the office of constable, and the mode of proceeding in an action upon bonds of this nature is regulated in part by the 147th section of the act to reduce several laws relating to the City of New York into one act (Rev. Laws of 1813, p. 396), and in part by Art. 2, Tit. VI., Chap. VI., Part III. of the Revised Statutes pointing out the mode of proceeding in action upon bonds for the performance of covenants, It is not, in the sense of the fifth section of the article referred to in the [299] Revised Statutes, a bond for the payment of money. The description of bond there meant is one for the payment of money in gross, the amount and the time for the payment of which is fixed by the condition of the bond, and in which no assessment, of damages is necessary, as nothing remains but to compute the amount of interest, which may he ascertained by the clerk (Graham’s Practice, 80S, 2 ed.); but it comes under the general class there referred to in which the plaintiff must set out in his complaint the specific breaches for which the action is brought. -This article in -the Revised Statutes is not repealed, the only modification it has undergone being the provision of the Code which allows the Court to take the proof, or to order a reference to ascertain the damages, when a judgment is taken in an action upon such a bond by default. The 141th section of the Act of 1813 declares that where a recovery is had against a constable by a party aggrieved through the officer’s default or misconduct, that such party may obtain an^rder in this Court that the bond be put in suit, and if judgment is recovered, the act directs that this Court shall, upon motion, direct so much money to he levied upon the judgment as shall be sufficient to pay the party the debt or damages, so recovered, with costs, to be paid to the party aggrieved. If there has been an appearance in the cause, this motion must be made upon notlce_ to the opposite party, (King v. Stafford, 5 How., 30;) and since the Code, sec. 246, the Court, instead of directing an assessment, as was formerly tire practice, or a reference, may hear the proof of the recovery of the judgment against the officer, and if satisfied of the fact, make the order provided for in the act referred to. Instead of doing this, the plaintiff’ upon its being adjudged that the answer was frivolous, took a general judgment for the sum mentioned in his complaint. This was erroneous. He should have entered up judgment for the penalty of the bond, and then moved the Court for the order provided for by the Act of 1813, But although the mode in which the judgment was entered was irregular, the defendants waived the irregularity by appealing from the judgment to the General Term ; and judgment having been given ágainst them on the appeal, they could not afterwards move" to have the judgment set aside for irregr. [300] larity. It is a general and long-established rule, in all applications to set aside proceedings for irregularity, that the party complaining of it must make his application at the first opportnnity after he has knowledge of the fact, and before any further proceedings have been had. It is, said Lord Kenyon in Pearson v. Rauling (1 East, 77,) “ the universal practice of the Court, that when there has been an irregularity, if the party overlook it and take subsequent steps in the canse, he cannot afterwards revert back to the irregularity and object to itand to the same effect are, D'Argent v. Vivant, 1 East., 330 ; Fox v. Money, 1 Bos. & Pul., 250; The King v. Perry, 5 T. R., 464; Petrie v. White, 4 id., 10. At first it was questioned whether the rule was not confined to cases where the party complaining of the irregularity had taken some subsequent step, but in Downs v. Witherington, 2 Taunt., 243, it was held to apply equally where the party with knowledge of the irregularity remained passive, and allowed the other party to take a subsequent step ; and in Thorpe v. Beer, 2 Barn. & Aid., 548, as indicating the general policy of the Courts upon the subject, it was held, that where a party moves for irregularity he is bound to state every irregularity of which, he wishes to take advantage, and is considered to have waived all those which he does not state at the time. The principle of this rule applies equally whether the motion is made before or after judgment. In Jones v. Dunning, 2 Johns. C., 74, the defend-moved after judgment, and the Court denied the application upon the ground that they bad suffered two terms of the Court to go by, when it was to be presumed that they had notice of the proceedings against them, and to the same effect are Sharp v. Pell, 10 Johns., 487 ; Rowan v. Lytle, 4 Cow., 91 Graham’s Practice, 702, 2d ed. The defendants in the present case knew of the irregularity, as they appealed from the judgment, and if they wished to avail themselves of it they should have moved to set the judgment aside, instead of taking an appeal from the order direeling the entry of the judgment, and from the judgment. The error in the mode of entering up tin? .judgment..could not be reviewed upon appeal. (Whitehead v. Allen, 28 Barb., 661; King v. Stafford, 5 How., 30.) [301] ■ The appeal, therefore, must have been brought upon other grounds, or for delay ; and it is not to be tolerated that a party, knowing that the judgment is irregularly, entered up, shall he at liberty to appeal from it to the General Term ; and if he fails there, go to the Court of Appeals; and ultimately failing to get the judgment reversed, be permitted to do then what lie ought to have done in the beginning, that is, to move the Court to set the judgment aside as irregularly entered, without putting the other party to the expense and trouble of the appeal. It may he said that as the error consists in the way in which the judgment was entered, the Court ought, for the benefit of other parties who may recover judgment against the same officer, to see that it is properly entered up for the penalty. We do not know that any other parties will have occasion to bring suits against this officer, and we can see-that no injustice has been done, as this judgment is for the amount which the party would in any event be entitled to ; or, as was done in Martin v. Lott, (4 Abbott’s R., 365,) the defendant’s application could have been denied, with costs, upon the ground that they had lost the right to make it; and for the benefit of other pm tics, should any recover judgments against the officer for official misconduct, and that the defendants may not be made liable beyond the penal limits of their bond, the plaintiff could, and under the circumstances should, have been permitted to amend his judgment by entering it up for the penalty, with a further judgment that he have execution for the amount recovered against the officer, and costs. The order appealed from should in my opinion be modified to that effect. The defendants having lost the right to move upon the ground of irregularity, cannot complain of an order directing that the judgment be entered up properly ; that other suitors, if any there should be, may be enabled to have the amounts recovered by them levied under this judgment in the way in which the statute provides. (Davies’s Laws, 549.) The other Judges concurred.