Burhans v. Blanchard

By the Court, Beardsley, J. • The general statute under which a successful defendant recovers costs, does not give them "against executors or administrators, necessarily prosecuting in the right of their testator or intestate, unless upon special application the court shall award costs against them, for wantonly bringing any suit, or for unnecessarily suffering a nonsuit or non pros, or for bad faith in bringing or conducting the cause.” [627] (2 R. S. 615, § 17.) Neither of the special grounds on which costs may by awarded- under this section is alleged to exist in this case, and the motion is founded on the single ground that the plaintiff did not necessarily prosecute in the right of his testator. Where an executor sues on an alleged cause of action, which arose wholly after the death of the testator, and during the time of the executorship, and fails in his action, he ought to pay costs. Such an action is not necessarily prosecuted in the right of the testator, and the reason on which executors and administrators, when compelled to sue in their representative character and capacity, are exempt from the payment of costs, is inapplicable. The distinction between cases in which an executor must sue - in that character, and those in which he may prosecute in his own right, whether the action be in tort or on contract, is well settled. (Tilton’s adm’r v. Williams, 11 John. 403; Ketchum, ex’r, v. Ketchum, 4 Cowen, 87; Mann v. Baker, 5 id. 267; Palmer v. Palmer, 5 Wend. 91; The People v. The Judges of the Albany Mayor's Court, 9 id. 486.) Here, the supposed cause of action on which the plaintiff sought, to recover, arose wholly after the death of the testator. If any cause of action existed it was personal to the plaintiff himself. If promises were made to him, as alleged in the declaration, he might have counted upon them in his individual name and right, and it was altogether unnecessary for him to sue in his representative character. Having failed in his action he was clearly liable to costs. It is too plain to admit of a plausible argument, that the plaintiff could in no event maintain an action as executor, for the proceeds of real estate sold under a surrogate’s decree, and paid, as they should be, to the surrogate for distribution as the statute directs. (2 R. S. 106, §§ 34, 35.) The surrogate, out of such moneys, is first to pay the expenses of the sale, and then satisfy any claim for dower which ' may exist. Debts are next to be paid, and the surplus, if any remain, is to be distributed amongst the heirs and devisees of the testator. (2 R. S. 99, tit. 4, at large.) In form this action was. founded on promises to the executor as such, but the facts disclosed on the trial show [628] that if any action was maintainable, it was one personal to the plaintiff as an individual, and not pertaining to his representative character and capacity. It was not necessary, therefore, lo sue as executor; and having failed in his action, the plaintiff is personally bound to pay costs, and judgment will be perfected in that form. Under the statute the defendant is entitled to “ recover the amount of his taxed costs, and one half thereof in addition.” (2 R. S. 617, § 24.) He was sued for an alleged violation of official duty, in not paying over to the plaintiff mpney which was in the defendant’s hands as surrogate. It was shown that the money had been received by the defendant in that character, but the plaintiff failed to prove that he was entitled to it. The defendant was therefore sued without just cause for a supposed violation of official duty, and in such case.the statute gives an additional amount of costs, as a recompense for the vexation and expense to which the "party has been subjected. A full bill of costs to be taxed, and one half the amount thereof in addition, is to be allowed. Ordered accordingly.