Isaacs v. Beth Hamedash Society

Daly, J. It appears, by the affidavits, read on the part oi the plaintiff, that, at a meeting of all the trustees, it was unanimously agreed that it vould be better to arbitrate the matter in difference between the plaintiff and the society, and that the trustees then and there authorized the president of the society and two of the trustees to act for the sobiety n the matter of the arbitration. This is denied by affidavits on the part of the defendants; but the uncontroverted fact, that the submission to arbitration, drawn up by Dr. Eaphael, was read and translated to the parties to it, and that all the trustees were present lit the arbitration and took part in it, was sufficient to show that the defendants had assented to the submission. The -assent of a cor — 472 — poration may be inferred from, circumstances. It is not necessary that there should be a formal resolution of tbe board of directors or trustees, on an agreement under seal, to charge them. Troy Turnpike Company v. Cheney, 21 Wend. 296. In Farrill v. Railway Company (2 Exch. 344) the consent of the attorney of a corporation, in an action of debt, to refer the matter to arbitration, was held to be a valid submission and binding upon tbe corporation, although the attorney deposed that he had no authority, under the seal of the company, to sign the consent, but was merely authorized verbally, by the chairman of the board of directors. Here, then, was something more than the authority of a presiding officer. The submission and all proceedings ante-rim*to the award were sanctioned by the presence and participation of all the trustees. Hays v. Hays, 23 Wend. 366. Under these circumstances, the judge below was justified in believing the statement in the plaintiff’s affidavit, that all the trustees at a meeting authorized the parties who signed the submission to arbitrate the matter, and that was enough. It is objected that the award was signed by but two of the three arbitrators. The submission declares that the decision of the majority shall be binding, and the bond provides that the award is to be made in writing, subscribed by “ the said arbitrators.” The submission and bond are to be taken together; and, taken together, they show that the execution of the award by the majority of the arbitrators was within the meaning and intention of the parties. By statute (2 R S. 542, § 7), an award by a majority is sufficient, unless the concurrence of all is expressly required in the submission, which was not the case here. The next objection is, that the arbitrators sat, examined witnesses, and deliberated upon the matter, on Sunday. The parties and witnesses in this unpleasant controversy, which arose out of a claim of the plaintiff for baking the passover bread for this rteligious corporation, are all of the Jewish persuasion, and consequently observe the seventh day of the week as their Sabbath or day of rest. To them the Christian Sabbath is a secu — 473 — lar day, but its universal observance as a day of rest, by the great mass of their fellow citizens, renders it a day upon which people of this persuasion are compelled more or less to abstain from their ordinary pursuits, and upon which they are necessarily less employed. It is very natural, therefore, that they should select, for a matter of this kind, a day when, from keeping Saturday as a Sabbath, they are privileged to engage in any labor that does not disturb the rest of their fellow-citizens. The defendants having consented to settle by arbitration, at the instance of one of their prominent ministers, a controversy'growing out of the wants or requirements of their religious rites, with the special view of preventing its becoming a matter of public litigation, and the parties and witnesses having attended voluntarily ¿gr that purpose, on a day evidently the most convenient to them', it would be very much to be regretted if the investigation of the matter on that day should render the subsequent award of the arbitrators of no avail, and,'at the instance of those among the defendants who are dissatisfied with it, that the whole subject should be open for a public investigation in the courts. Our statute prohibits servile laboring or working on Sunday, but the proLiibition is declared not to be applicable to those who uniformly keep the last clay of the week, called Saturday, as holy time, and do not labor or work on that day, provided their labor shall not'disturb other persons in their observance of the first day of the week, as holy time. 1 Rev. Stat. 675, § 70. It was not unlawful, therefore, for the parties and witnesses here, being all Israelites, to assemble together on Sunday, and investigate, deliberate upon, and arbitratethe matterin controversy. Witnesses could not have been compelled to appear before the arbitrators, as subpoenas to enforce their attendance could neither be served nor executed on that day (1 Rev. Stat. 675, § 69), but the witnesses attended and submitted to an examination before the arbitrators voluntarily. That the witnesses were sworn by tbc arbitrators is immaterial, as it is not essential to the validity of an award, that tbe witnesses should have been sworn. Bergh v. Pfieffer, Lalor’s Sup. to Hill & Denio’s Rep. 110. It was held in Story v. — 474 — Elliott (8 Cow. 27), that an award made and published by arbitrators on Sunday is void. In the present case, the arbitrators sat, heard the parties and witnesses, and signed the award on Sunday, but it was dated as of the next day, and was delivered to the parties on Monday. An award is said to be published when the parties are notified that it is ready for delivery. Muselbrook v. Dunkin, 9 Bing. 605 ; McArthur v. Campbell, 5 B. & Adolp. 518. The rule is more fully, and, I think, correctly stated in the recent work of Mr. Russell, on Arbitration (p. 617): “An award is ordinarily said to be published as soon as it has been executed by the arbitrator, and announced as his final determination, so that he no longer retains any power of alteration.” Here, the award was dated as of Monday. On that doy the arbitrators delivered it, and up to that time they had the right to alter it if they saw fit. Eveleth v. Chase, 17 Mass. 458 ; Low v. Nolle, 16 Ill. 475. It must, therefore, be regarded as having been made and published on Monday. The case of Story v. Elliott would have been in point, if the arbitrators had published it on Sunday. In that case, the publication of an award was regarded as equivalent to the giving of judgment, which cannot be done on Sunday; but I find no case that would warrant us in concluding that the award is vitiated and made void, by what was done by the arbitrators upon the Sunday preceding its publication. As before remarked, it was unlawful for the arbitrators, being of the Jewish persuasion, to do what they did, on that day, in the investigation of the matter, and if their sitting and investigating it, preparatory to publishing their award, might be regarded as partaking of the nature of a judicial proceeding, which I very much doubt, still it would not render their subsequent award void. Sunday is not dies juridicus for the giving of judgment, or the awarding of judicial process, but it may be for other matters connected with judicial proceedings. 3 Thomas’ Coke, 355, n. 3. Thus it was held in Becloe v. Alpe (W. Jones R. 156), that exhibiting an information on Sunday against the defendant, in the Court of Exchequer, for ingrossing butter, &c., contrary to a certain statute, — 475 — was good, the court declaring that although Sunday was not dies juridicus for the award of any judicial process or to malte an entry of any judgment, yet it was good for accepting an information upon a special statute. In Taylor’s case (12 Mod. 667), it was said that the service of a summons, in a real action, on Sunday was good, as it was not compulsory on the party to appear, and in Walgrave v. Taylor (1 Lord Ray. 705), the court, held that the service of a declaration in trespass on Sunday was good, though in subsequent cases it appears to have been regarded as the service of process forbidden by the statute 29 Car. II, c. 7. Morgan v. Johnson, 1 H. B. 628 ; Walker v. Fowne, Barnes, 309 ; Roberts v. Monkhouse, 8 East, 547. In Sayles v. Smith (13 Wend. 57), it was held that the proceedings in a statute foreclosure of a mortgage were not void because the day of sale specified itr^e advertisement was Sunday. The sale was postponed to another day, but the court was of opinion that, even if the sale had taken place on Sunday, it would not have rendered the proceedings void. In True v. Plumley (36 Main, 466), it was held that the verdict of a jury in a civil suit, though agreed to, signed and .sealed up on a Sunday, might be recorded on the following day ; and in Houghtaling v. Osborne (15 Johns. 119), and in Hurdekoper v. Collin (3 Watts, 56), it was held that a verdict of a jury in a civil suit might’be received upon Sunday, though judgment could not be entered upon it until the day following; and in Baxter v. People (1 Gil. 368), which was a capital case, the court said that-Sunday was not a day to render judgment, and if rendered on that day it would be void, but the verdict of the jury might be taken. The extent to which the adjudged cases appear to nave gone, is, that nothing partaking of the nature of process in a civil action can be awarded, executed or made re turnable, nor any proceeding entered or recorded in any court of justice as having been done, or as to be done, on that day. 2 Inst. 264 ; 3 Shep. Abr. 181 ; 5 Comyn Dig. 523, title Temps, B. 3 ; Swan v. Broome, 3 Bur. 1595; 1 Wm. Black. 496 ; Good title v. Nolitle, 2 D. & Ry. 232 ; Boynton v. Page, 13 Wend. 425. In the present case, ■ therefore, I think that the proceedings — 476 — before tbe arbitrators, under the circumstances, would not in validate their award, which purported upon upon its face to have been made, and was actually delivered and published on Monday. The order of the judge at special term should be affirmed. Order affirmed.