Hellman v. Strauss

By the Court, Daly, First Judge. It was held in Dowdle v. Camp (12 John. 451), that money, paid as part of the purchase money upon a parol contract for the sale of land, could not be recovered back, as the contract, though not binding upon the parties, was not illegal at its inception; and, there being a part performance by the payment of part of the purchase money, a court of equity would compel a conveyance. But, in Rice v. Peet, (15 John. 503,) the plaintiff, in an action for money had and received, recovered the amount of a note which had been given by him to the defendant, as a pledge or security for the performance of a parol contract for an exchange of farms; the money upon ,which note had been obtained by the defendant; although the plaintiff failed to perform his part of the agreement; the couri assigning, as one of the grounds for its judgment, that the money was received by the defendant without consideration—the agree 11 ment by parol for the exchange of farms being void by statute. The ground assigned in this case was recognized in Burlingame v. Burlingame (7 Cow. 92) without objection, and the rule or principle deducible from it, was declared, in King v. Broom (2 Hill, 485), to be, that as the contract is void, and incapable of being enforced in a court of law, the party paying the money in pursuance of it, may treat it as a nullity, and recover the money back. In Abbott v. Draper (4 Denio, 51), it wras held that the plaintiff, who had delivered goods in part performance of a parol contract for the purchase of land, and who had entered upon the possession of the land, could not recover for the goods until he had restored the possession of the land to the defendant and demanded back what had been advanced upon the contract. Brohsoist, Oh. J., went further, and declared that, as long as the vendor is not in default, but is ready to perform the contract on his part, the vendee could not recall a payment made upon the parol agreement. The reasoning of the learned chief justice is that, as the vendor is not in the wrong, but is able and willing to perform, he cannot be regarded as holding the money as debtor, but as owner; that the consideration upon which it was paid has not failed, and a promise to repay it cannot therefore be implied. Without expressing any opinion as to the correctness of this view of the law, it is sufficient, for the disposition of the case now before us, to say that a material representation was made by the defendant Strauss to the plaintiff, when the parol agreement was made for the purchase of the house and lot, that is, that the defendant had seen the agent of the owner of the mortgage subject to which the conveyance was to be made, a few days before, in Wall street, and that he, the agent, said that the mortgage could lay as long as the interest was paid. That this was deemed material by the plaintiff, appears from his declaring, when the agreement was entered into, and the §500 paid as part of the purchase money, that he wanted the mortgage to lay five years. The agent testified that he had not seen the defendant, and had made no such statement to him; but the agent informed the plaintiff that §2,000 upon the mortgage would have to be paid in the spring, and that 12 the residue might remain for three years. Witnesses were called by the defendant, who testified that he did not say that he had seen the agent, and that he merely stated that he presumed that the mortgage could lay as long as the interest was paid; but, upon this conflicting evidence, the finding of the court below is conclusive, and it must be assumed here that the defendant made the statement attributed to him by the plaintiff’s witnesses. The right of the plaintiff to repudiate the agreement, and demand the return of his money, upon learning that the statement was untrue, and that $2,000 would have to be paid upon the mortgage in a month, and the balance in three years, is a proposition so plain, that it needs but to be stated. The agreement, being by parol, was not binding upon him, and it would be preposterous to hold, that because he made a partial payment Under such a contract, that he must either forfeit what he has paid, or accept a conveyance of the premises burthened with obligations which he never contemplated, and against which he expressly provided. The cases above referred to, which are relied upon by the appellant, afford no countenance for a construction of the law so palpably inequitable and unjust. Judgment affirmed.