Laughran v. Orser

By the court—Bosworth, Justice. This is an action for the recovery of money, and the plaintiffs have recovered but [283] six cents. By sub. 4 of § 304 of the Code, they are not entitled to costs, unless the action be one, “ of which according to section 54, a court of a justice of the peace has no jurisdiction.” (Section 304, sub. 3.) It is not one of the actions of which section 54 declares that no justice of the peace shall have jurisdiction. The mere statement of these provisions shows that the plaintiffs are not entitled to costs, unless there are other statutes modifying the natural and obvious import of the provisions already cited. Section 305 declares that costs shall be allowed of course, to the defendant, in the actions mentioned in § 304, unless the plaintiff be entitled to costs therein. The appellants’ counsel insists that sections 53 and 54 of the Code, are so connected, that a reference to the latter by section 304, should be construed as a reference to both sections; and that if a just construction of section 53, requires the court to hold that section 53 does not grant jurisdiction of an action like the present, it would be absurd to so construe these statutes as to declare that they require an injured party to sue in a court of record, in a case like the present, or submit to the loss, to which a neglect of official duty, by a sheriff, has subjected him, or pay the costs of the action unless he recovers $50 or more, when suing in the only court in which by law he can sue, notwithstanding he may recover a sum less than $50. But in order to give any point to this argument, it must be assumed or held that section 53 does not confer, on a justice of the peace, jurisdiction of such an action. If it does, the plaintiffs are clearly liable to pay costs, because jurisdiction of it is not prohibited by section 54. But the reference by section 304, to section 54, cannot be construed to contain, by implication or fair construction, a reference to section 53 also. Section 53 is the one which confers jurisdiction. And however general the class of actions of which it gives jurisdiction, yet in no case does it give jurisdiction of any action, in which the amount claimed exceeds $100. Section 54, which denies jurisdiction of the actions it enumerates, does so with reference to the nature of the actions [284] and not with reference to the amount that may be claimed, with two exceptions; one being actions in which the people of the state are a party, and for penalties not exceeding $100, and the other a matter of account where the sum total of the accounts of both parties, established at the trial, shall exceed $400. (Sec. 54; Stillwell agt. Staples, 5 Duer, 691.) If section 304, in its reference to section 54, should be construed as referring with equal directness to section 53, it would follow that a ^plaintiff in all actions, might sue in a court of record, and claim damages exceeding $100; and if he recovered any amount, he would recover costs, because under such a construction the action would be one of which, according to section 54, a justice of the peace had no jurisdiction, for the reason that the damages claimed exceeded $100, and, therefore, under section 53, a justice had no jurisdiction. Such a construction is wholly inadmissible. But it does not follow that because section 53 does not grant jurisdiction, it would convict the legislature of enacting an absurdity to hold that a plaintiff in such a case, under the various provisions of section 304, and under section 305, must pay costs, in a case like the present. The legislature has enacted that in an action for assault, battery, false imprisonment, libel, slander, malicious prosecution, criminal conversation, or seduction, the plaintiff shall recover no more costs than damages, if the damages recovered are less than $50. All of these actions are to recover damages for the invasion of rights, as to which all persons, as a general rule, are most sensitive. Section 54 prohibits a justice of the peace from taking jurisdiction of either of them. Under the Revised Statutes, if either of these actions, except those for criminal conversation or seduction, were brought in a court of common pleas, the plaintiff, if he recovered any damages, recovered the costs of that court. (2 R. S. 614, § 12.) The change made by the Code, in the law relating to this subject, indicates that the legislature was of the opinion that no considerations of public policy required that a defendant in such cases, though technically in the wrong, should be pun [285] ished with the full costs of an action, in any court of record, unless the damage done amohnted to $50. In a case like the present, it would be no justification for departing from the plain reading of the statute, to say that it is absurd to suppose that the legislature would deliberately and understandingly subject a plaintiff to the costs of an action against a sheriff for a breach of official duty, even though the resulting damages should be but six cents. The right to sue in a court of record is undoubted. But if a plaintiff elects to sue, in every case in which he can establish a right of action entitling himself to nominal damages, it does not follow that those provisions of law, which subject him to the payment of costs when only nominal damages are recovered, are so clearly absurd, that on that ground and for that reason, the courts may legislate and declare their meaning to be variant from their clear and obvious import. Even if it be conceded that section 58 does not grant jurisdiction of such an action, a plaintiff in an execution, who has sustained damages, to an amount that would exempt an action to recover them from the imputation of being a vexatious suit, is not remediless. The sheriff may be compelled by attachment to return an execution. If his return is false, and if his official default or misconduct shall have caused injury to a plaintiff in the execution, permission will be granted to prosecute his official bond. (2 R. S. 476, title 5.) That may, and probably must be, prosecuted in the name of the people of this state. (Id. 476, § 2, and, Vol. II, 4th ed. 719, § 3.) Of such an action, a justice of the peace, according to section 54, has no jurisdiction, it not being for a penalty. It not only may, but must be brought in the name of the people, unless the provisions of the Revised Statutes have been so modified by the Code, as to require such suits to be brought in the name of the actual party in interest. (Code, § 291.) . But we should not feel at liberty to construe the provisions of section 304, contrary to their clear meaning, even if that construction would deny to the plaintiffs a right to bring this [286] action, in a justice’s court, and compel Mm to pay the costs of it, when brought iu the only court in which, by law, it could be brought. Entertaining these views, it becomes unnecessary to express an opinion whether a justice of the peace, under section 58 of the Code, has jurisdiction of such an action or not. The order appealed from, must be affirmed, with $ 10 costs.