In re the Estate of Golding

O’Brien, S. This is an accounting proceeding in which several questions of construction arise. Testator died on August 10, 1919. He was survived by his widow, Mabel C. Golding, and three children, Robert N. Golding, John N. Golding, Jr., and Mabel Golding. His entire residuary estate was devised in trust, one-fourth for the benefit of each of his two sons, and one-half for the benefit of his daughter. The testator and his wife had been separated since 1908. On March 8, 1910, they entered into a separation agreement wherein the testator agreed to pay to his wife the sum of $1,000 monthly in lieu of permanent alimony. Some time later, Mrs. Golding having brought an action to recover — 822 — moneys due under said agreement, a new separation agreement was entered into on March 19, 1915, wherein, in consideration of the withdrawal of the action, the agreement of March 8, 1910, was continued in effect, except that the amount to be paid monthly in lieu of permanent alimony was fixed at $500 instead of $1,000. The new agreement further provided that the alimony was to be secured by a trust- deed, which was executed simultaneously with said agreement and made a part thereof. Under this trust deed there was conveyed to the trustee therein named certain premises on the west side of Broadway, near Fifty-second street, and certain lots in upper Manhattan, “ to have and to hold * * *• in trust nevertheless for and during the natural fife of the said Mabel C. Golding, one of the parties of the first part. * * * ” Then follow further provisions authorizing the trustee “ to pay over the net "income thereof up to an amount not exceeding $6,000 in any one year to the said Mabel C. Golding, wife of the said John N. Golding, during her natural life, in monthly installments in accordance with the provisions of an agreement bearing even date herewith made between John N. Golding and the said Mabel C. Golding; ” that “ whereas the present net income of the said premises is not sufficient to enable the trustee to pay therefrom to the said Mabel C. Golding the sum of $500 in each month as herein-before provided, the said John N. Golding hereby covenants and agrees that within two days after demand * * * he will pay to the said trustee such sum as shall be necessary to enable it with the net income of the said premises then in its hands to make such payments; ” that in the event of default by said testator, after notice, or otherwise at any time in its discretion, the trustee was authorized and empowered to sell the said premises or any part thereof and to hold the proceeds “ in trust during the natural fife of the said Mabel C. Golding, to apply so much thereof as may be necessary to pay the amounts in the payment of which the said John N. Golding may have made or shall thereafter make default; ” that in the event there is a surplus of income over the $500 to be paid, “ all net income of the said trust estate for said year remaining in the hands of said trustee shall be paid by it over to John N. Golding, his heirs, executors, and administrators; ” that in the event of the death of testator’s wife before their daughter, Mabel Golding, has reached her majority on January 28, 1925, the income of the trust was to be divided-among the surviving children of the parties until January 28, 1925, or the sooner death of the daughter, “ but the said John N. Golding * * * shall be under no obligation after the death of the said Mabel C. Golding prior to said 28th day of January, 1925, to make good as hereinbefore provided — 823 — or otherwise any deficiency between the net income of the said trust estate and the annual sum of six thousand dollars; ” that in the event testator died before his daughter Mabel's majority, “ then upon the termination of the trust hereby provided ” the principal of the fund was to vest in his children; that if both testator and his wife survived until their daughter Mabel became of age, “ then upon the subsequent termination of the trust hereby created the principal of the said trust estate shall revert to and become the sole property of the said John N. Golding, and the said trustee is hereby authorized, empowered and directed to convey, assign, , transfer and pay over the same to him, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns.” Testator’s widow died on March 31, 1923. During his lifetime testator paid all deficiencies in income as required by the agreement and trust deed. From his death on August 10, 1919, until the death of testator’s wife, the executor paid all deficiencies during that period. The question now arises whether such payments, made by the executor to the widow of the testator after his death, should be charged to principal or income of testator’s estate. The trust deed was executed simultaneously with the separation agreement of February 19, 1915, and made a part thereof. They should, therefore, be read together to ascertain the exact intention of the parties. While the separation agreement provides for monthly payments in lieu of permanent alimony, the trust deed provides for these payments during her natural life. The other provisions of the trust deed clearly evince an intention on testator’s part that the trust estate and the payments thereunder were to continue for the benefit of his wife even after his death. The law is settled that an obligation to pay alimony to a wife ceases upon the death of the husband, but the parties may agree that an allowance be made to the wife which will bind the husband’s estate after his death. (Wilson v. Hinman, 182 N. Y. 408, 414; Barnes v. Klug, 129 App. Div. 192, 193; Matter of Hoffman’s Estate, 108 Misc. 612.) In Barnes v. Klug (supra, 195) it was held: “ It is true that a husband cannot be compelled to support his wife except during his lifetime. Where a decree of absolute divorce or of separation is granted against him by a court, alimony will cease on his death, notwithstanding the decree should provide that he pay the stipulated alimony during the life of the wife and direct that he should give security to insure its payment. * * * But he can voluntarily make such provision for support to continue after his death by contract or otherwise if- he sees fit so to do. * * * Nor was it necessary in express terms to state in the contract that it should be binding on his legal representativ; •. — 824 — There is nothing in the language of the contract showing that he intended to bind only himself. It is a presumption of law, in the absence of express words, that the parties to a contract intend to bind not only themselves, but their personal representatives. (Kernochan v. Murray, 111 N. Y. 306.) ” Reading the agreements of March 8, 1910, February 19, 1915, and the trust deed together, a contract was established which created a valid debt against the testator’s estate, and the payments made by the executor are properly chargeable, therefore, to principal. As to the executor’s contention that the trustee under the trust deed should have sold. the trust property and made good the deficiencies to the wife from the proceeds thereof, the trust deed provided as follows: “ The power of sale hereinbefore conferred upon the trustee for the purpose of making good from the proceeds of the said trust estate any sums in the payment of which the said John N. Golding shall have made or may hereafter make default as hereinafter provided may likewise be exercised by the said trustee subsequent to the death during the continuance of the trust hereinabove created of the said John N. Golding in case the net income of the said premises shall at any time be insufficient to enable the said trustee to pay to said Mabel C. Golding during her life the sum of $500 in each month. * * * ” There was no mandatory direction to sell such property after the testator’s death. So long as these payments were made by the executor, the trustee was under no compulsion to sell the property covered by the trust deed. There is another question to be determined in this proceeding. At the time of the making of his will, testator was the owner of the leasehold of premises No. 545 Fifth avenue, Manhattan, New York city. This leasehold expires on December 14, 1924, and, at the time of his death, had five years and four months to run. It was appraised at $60,919.88. This leasehold forms part of the corpus of the trusts created under testator’s will. The executor and trustee has collected and accumulated the net rents of said leasehold in order to amortize same. The total sum thus far collected is $33,767.30. This leasehold was the only rent-producing property that the testator owned. He owned no real property. The question to be determined is whether the leasehold should have been sold by the executor and trustee and the proceeds invested in interest-bearing securities, or the rents accumulated for the purpose of amortization. The life beneficiaries claim to be entitled to the net rents of the leasehold up to the time of its expiration. This position is untenable. The general rule is that where trustees or executors find a portion of the estate invested in what are termed “wasting” securities, they should — 825 — pay to the life beneficiary only so much of the income as represents a fair return upon the capital value, accumulating and retaining the residue for the benefit of the remaindermen, unless a contrary intention is evidenced from the will itself, read in the light of the surrounding circumstances. (Frankel v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 152 App. Div. 58; Matter of James, 146 N. Y. 78.) In the “ fifth ” paragraph of the will, wherein the trusts for testator’s children are set up, the trustee is directed “ to hold so much thereof as may be realty and to invest so much thereof as may be personalty,” and in the “eighth” paragraph, wherein the duties and powers of the executor and trustee are provided for, it is directed: “ To hold and retain any and all securities and assets in the form and manner of investment as left by me, as investments for my estate, * * * and I hereby give to my said executor and trustee a like discretion and authority to sell said securities and assets or any part thereof, as well as any securities acquired in trust under this my last will and testament.” Reading these two paragraphs together, it is apparent that the testator intended that the leasehold forming part of the trusts be kept in the form in which it was at the time of his death and was not to be sold except if in the discretion of the executor and trustee it was advisable to do so. The claim of the objectants that inasmuch as the leasehold was the only property producing rents, and the testator used the word “ rents ” in his bequest to the executor and trustee to “ apply the net ‘ rents,’ interest and income to the use ” of his said children, it was the intention of the testator that the rents be paid to the children in specie, cannot hold when read in the light of the other language of the will relative to the disposition of any real property “ which I may own or be entitled to receive at the time of my death.” The testator, though owning no real property at the time of making his will, doubtless had in mind, in using the word “ rents ” therein, the possible after-acquisition of real property. There can be gathered from the will no expression of intention that the rents from the leasehold are to be enjoyed by his children in specie. The leasehold was bequeathed in trust. The fife beneficiaries are, therefore, not entitled to the net rents collected from said leasehold. The same should be accumulated for purposes of amortization. The life beneficiaries, however, should receive five per cent per annum (the average rate of interest paid on trust funds) on the fair appraised value of the leasehold at the time of testator’s death (Cairns v. Chaubert, 9 Paige, 160), based upon the actual rent so far collected, it being conceded that the present appraised value of the leasehold is excessive. — 826 — Mabel Golding, testator’s daughter, has been a resident of the State of Illinois since prior to the death of testator, and attained the age of eighteen years on January 28, 1922. The laws of that State provide that an infant attains her majority at the age of eighteen years. She is, therefore, competent to administer her own estate. The decree should provide that payment of her distributive share of the estate be made to her direct. (Matter of Honeyman, 117 Misc. 653; affd., 202 App. Div. 728; Matter of Danvers, N. Y. L. J. April 10, 1923. Proceed accordingly.