Turney v. McKown

Opinion by Mr. Justice Stewart, The action was ejectment. The common source of title was in Obadiah McKown who became seized of the premises in dispute in 1871 and remained in possession until his death in March, 1907. On the trial, plaintiff established a prima facie case by showing, first, the will of Obadiah McKown, duly probated, in which he devised his entire real estate to his wife, Katherine E. McKown; and, second, the will of said Katherine E. McKown, duly probated, in which she devised the premises in dispute to the plaintiff, Robert W. Turney. In reply the defendant introduced in evidence a deed to himself, his heirs and assigns, from the said Obadiah McKown and Katherine E., his wife, for this very land, dated 31st March, 1897, duly executed and acknowledged. The plaintiff rejoined by calling witnesses to show that this deed under which the defendant claimed, was made with a view to serve a special purpose of the grantor in connection with the debt which he was about to contract with a third party, and with the understanding that the land conveyed was to be reconveyed to him by the grantee — the defendant — upon payment of the debt so to be contracted. The debt was fully paid by Obadiah within two or three years thereafter. The conveyance to the defendant, so far as we can see, was wholly unnecessary to accomplish the only purpose suggested by the evidence; but that is no part of our concern. The contention of the plaintiff was and is that [568] .the evidence so introduced by him on this branch of the case, if believed, established a trust by implication or construction of law, and therefore a trust falling within the exception to the Act of April 22, 1856, P. L. 532; in other words, the facts being as plaintiff’s witnesses testified, that the defendant in seeking to withhold possession from the plaintiff and claiming to own the land in his own right became a trustee ex maleficio for the real owner. To make clear that we have stated exactly what plaintiff’s contention is, we extract the following from his counsel’s brief of argument appearing on page 42: “We do not contend that there was any actual fraud committed at the time the defendant received his deed, but we do contend that his subsequent refusal to turn over the deed to Obadiah McKown when it was demanded from him, constituted such a breach of good faith and confidence as would be relieved against in law,” While this admission yields no ground that would have been available for purpose of defense, in view of the Act of April 22, 1856, which makes void the declarations or creations of trust not manifested by writing, signed by the party holding the legal title, what it reserves is untenable. True, trusts ex maleficio arise by implication or construction of law and are excepted out of the operation of the statute; but no rule is better established than that a trust ex maleficio can arise only at the inception of the title, from fraud when practiced in obtaining it. This rule is too familiar to call for any citation of authorities in support. It is not pretended that the evidence adduced by plaintiff shows any fraud in the procurement of the conveyance to the defendant; on the contrary, we have the express admission that it does not. That the evidence,-if believed, shows subsequent declarations by the defendant in effect acknowledging the trust, comes to nothing. A trust ex maleficio may not be so created. Granting these admissions,, and [569] giving them their legal effect, they simply show on defendant’s part, when he claims the ownership of the land to be in himself, a breach of a parol agreement. Where the transaction implies nothing more, — and that is the most that can be adduced from the evidence here —equity will not decree a trust. Here again we are asserting a principle too familiar to call for citation of authorities. The case called for binding instructions for the defendant, but having been submitted to the jury with a result that' a verdict was rendered for the plaintiff, the court committed no error in entering judgment non obstante on motion of the defendant. The judgment is affirmed.