O'Brian v. Wiggins

Opinion by W. D. Pobteb, J., By articles of agreement entered into on the 19th of March, 1898, the administrators of John O’Brian, deceased, did “ covenant, promise, grant and agree to convey to Clayton Wiggins, his heirs and assigns, in fee simple, clear of all incumbrances, a certain tract of land belonging to the estate of the decedent.” Wiggins, upon his part, covenanted and agreed to pay to said administrators the sum of $1,200, “for the true performance of all and every the covenants and agreements aforesaid.” On the 9th day of April, 1898, the administrators presented to the orphans’ court their petition, setting forth the execution of said agreement and attaching a copy thereof. The petition recited that John O’Brian had, on March 21, 1897, died seized of said tract of land; “ that the said administrators obtained an order from said court to sell said land for payment of debts of said decedent from said court, on petition filed September 13,1897, and exposed said premises at public sale in October, 1897, on the premises, and the same were unsold for want of bidders, a return of which proceeding was made to this honorable court. That the condition of said property and the affairs of said estate require that it be settled promptly.” They prayed the court “ to make an order and decree approving said private sale, the interest or title in said real estate being undivided, and that a better price can be obtained at private sale than at public sale, according to the acts of assembly in.such case made and provided.” The court made a decree, approving, ratifying and confirming the sale as in the petition set forth to have been made, “ and decreed the said premises and real estate to him, the said Clayton Wiggins, his heirs and assigns, in fee, subject and liable to the payment of the purchase money, agreeably to the terms prescribed in the agreement for the sale, with the same force and effect as if an order for the sale had preceded the sale.” At the time this decree was entered there were two judgments held by George H. Smith, which had been entered against the — 42 — decedent in his lifetime, and were liens of record upon this land. The administrators subsequently tendered a deed for the land to Clayton Wiggins, which he refused to accept until the land was released from the lien of these judgments. The administrators then brought this action in the court of common-pleas, to recover the amount of the purchase money. They offered in evidence the agreement between the parties, the petition of the parties presented to the court on Apxil 9, 1898, above recited, and the decree of the court thereon. They also proved the tender of the deed and offered the same in evidence, and they produced evidence of the refusal of the'defendant to accept the deed and pay the purchase money. The defendant offered in evidence the judgments which were liens upon the land, and produced evidence which established that there remained due and unpaid on said judgments an aggregate amount of about $1,000. It is clearly established that the defendant was willing to accept the deed and settle for the purchase money if these incumbrances upon the title were removed, or he was willing to pay and discharge those judgments. The plaintiffs contended that the decree of the orphans’ court, approving the private sale, divested the lien of the judgments, and that, therefore, they were entitled to receive the entire purchase money, but they admitted that the judgments were liens upon the land at the time of the sale. The decree of the court approved and confirmed the sale upon the terms in the petition, of which the articles of agreement were a part set forth to have been made. The agreement was, therefore, a part of the decree, and, in accordance with its terms, the purchaser had a right to demand a title in fee simple, clear of all incumberances. The only question presented by this record involves the effect of this private sale upon the lien of the judgments. Were the liens of these judgments divested by the decree of the court approving the private sale of the land? From the consideration of this question the Act of April 18,1853, P. L. 503, is eliminated, for by the Act of March 23, 1867, P. L. 43, the lien of debts of record is saved from discharge by private sales made by order of court under the former act, and in the present case that statute, if it is to have effect, would preserve the lien of these judgments. If the contention of the plaintiffs is to be sustained, it must be by virtue — 43 — of the Act of May 9,1889, P. L. 182, which authorizes the orphans’ court, in all cases where, under existing laws, the court has power to order the sale of real estate for the payment of debts of decedents, and for other purposes, to decree and approve a private sale, if, in the opinion of the court, under all the circumstances, a better price can be obtained at private than at public sale, as where the interest shall be undivided, or for other sufficient cause. It is manifest that this act is not self-sustaining ; it can only have effect where, under existing laws, the court had power to order the sale of real estate for the payment of debts of decedents, and for other purposes. When, under existing laws, the court had jurisdiction to decree a sale, this statute vested it with a discretion to determine whether the sale should be public or private. When a former statute provided for the effect which a private sale should have upon liens, the act of 1887 did not change the effect. The position of the plaintiffs can only be sustained, if at all, under the jurisdiction conferred by the Act of March 29,1832, P. L. 190, and the supplements thereto, as affected by the manner of the exercise of that jurisdiction authorized by the act of 1889. The acts are to be construed together; the jurisdiction to decree a sale must be found in, and exercised in. accordance with, the provisions of the act of 1832, the act of 1889 touched nothing but the manner of making the sale, and vested the court with a discretion to decree and approve either a public or private sale. The Act of February 24,1834, P. L. 70, section 20, provided that real estate sold for the payment of debts of the decedent, by direction of the orphans’ court, should not be liable in the hands of the purchaser for the debts of the decedent, and subsequent acts have saved the lien of mortgages under certain circumstances; but this legislation did not amplify the powers of the court to decree a sale, it related solely to the effect of the sale upon liens. A public sale under the act of 1832 discharges the lien of judgments, and when the court decrees, by virtue of the supplementary act of 1889, the sale shall be private, the effect upon liens would seem to be the same, provided that the authority to decree the sale and the manner of its execution is in other respects in accordance with the provisions of the former act. The question resolves itself into one of jurisdiction, for, if — 44 — the orphans’ court had jurisdiction to enter the decree upon which this action is founded, the decree cannot be attacked collaterally in this action. In order to determine this question we must turn to the petition upon which the decree was based. “ It is settled law that the facts set out in the petition determine the jurisdiction: ” Torrance v. Torrance, 53 Pa. 505; Bennett v. Hayden, 145 Pa. 586; Greenawalt’s Appeal, 37 Pa. 95; Spencer v. Jennings, 114 Pa. 618. The jurisdiction of the orphans’ court to enter this decree was entirely dependent upon the 31st and 33d sections of the Act of 1832, P. L. 190. The 31st section confers jurisdiction to authorize a sale of real estate, “on the application of the executor or administrator setting forth that the personal estate of the decedent is insufficient for the payment of debts, and maintenance and education of his minor children, or for the purpose of paying the debts alone.” The 33d section enacts, “ that no authority for the sale or mortgage of real estate shall be granted until the executor or administrator shall have exhibited to the court a true and correct inventory and conscionable appraisement of all the personal property whatsoever of the decedent, together with a full and correct statement of all the real estate of said decedent, wheresoever situated, which has come to his knowledge; and also, a true and just account, upon oath or affirmation, of all the debts of the decedent which have come to his knowledge.” It is manifest that the petition in the present case did not meet the requirements of the statute. The only mention of debts of the decedent in the petition is in the following words: “ That the said administrators obtained an order from said court to sell said lands for payment of debts of said decedent from said court, on petition filed September 13, 1897, and exposed said premises at public sale in October, 1897, on the premises, and the same were unsold for want of bidders, a return of which proceeding was made to this honorable court.” This was a mere reference to a former proceeding, the petition in which may have been as far wide of the requirements of the statute as that in the present case. There was no reference to the number and term of that former proceeding, nor was it made a part of the petition in tins case. The present petition simply stated that the administrators had procured an order from the court, and it did not allege that the facts set forth in the peti — 45 — tion upon which, that order was obtained were true. It alleges that a return to that order of sale had been made to the court, but it does not state when that return had been made, or what were the subsequent proceedings. This petition makes no attempt to set forth that the personal estate of the decedent was insufficient for the payment of his debts, nor a true or perfect inventory or appraisement of the personal estate, nor a correct statement of the real estate, nor a true or just account, upon oath, of the debts of the decedent. The allegations contained in the petition, that the condition of said property and the affairs of said estate require that it be settled promptly, and that it was for the best interest of said estate that said agreement be ratified and fully executed, did not bring the case within the jurisdiction of the orphans’ court to decree a sale under the terms of the act of 1832, which does not authorize a sale upon such grounds. This was a new proceeding, and it was essential that the petition should within itself contain all the necessary jurisdictional averments. The orphans’ court was without jurisdiction to enter the decree which is the foundation of this action. The appellants complain in the tenth assignment of error of the rejection of the following offer of evidence on the part of the plaintiffs: “We offer in evidence the petition of the administrators and the order of the court obtained thereon, and return thereto, for the sale of this property for payment of debts. The order was obtained on August 19, 1897.” The learned court below sustained an objection to this offer. If this petition of the administrators was not of record, it was clearly not evidence. We assume, therefore, that this was the offer of a record of some court. The learned court below, in rejecting the evidence, said: “ That order was ended without any effect, and we will disallow the offer and give you an exception.” As the plaintiffs had not clearly identified their record in their offer, we must assume that the learned court below, which then had the record before it, was correct when it made this statement. The offer of this evidence was an attempt to bolster up a defective record by showing that the court had had jurisdiction to decree a sale in some former proceeding which had been permitted to die. It is proper here to note that this evidence which was rejected has been printed in the appellants’ — 46 — paper-book and clearly shows that that proceeding had fallen and that no attempt has been made to revive it. The petition dated April 2, 1898, presented to the court on the 9th or the same month, was the beginning of an entirely new proceeding, and upon that foundation alone the decree of April 9, 1898, must stand, or it must fall. Counsel have devoted some attention to the absence of notice in this case, but that question does not seem to be raised by any of the assignments of error. As the act of 1889 is silent upon the subject of notice, it would seem that before a private sale under that act is confirmed, notice should be given, which would be equivalent to the notice required under the pre-existing legislation which it is necessary to invoke in order to sustain the jurisdiction of the court to decree the sale. This was the practice adopted in Smith’s Estate, 188 Pa. 222. It may well be doubted whether the final confirmation of a private sale under the act of 1889, by a decree which precluded any notice whatever to creditors, or others, ought not to be set aside upon proper application. In this case we base our decision upon the insufficiency of the facts set forth in the petition to confer jurisdiction upon the orphans’ court to decree any sale. Judgment affirmed.