Whiting Manufacturing Co. v. Bank

Opinion by Beaver, J., The issue tried in the court below was framed under the sheriff’s interpleader act, the plaintiff claiming to rescind a sale of certain goods made to Williams & Ulmer whose personal property was levied upon by virtue of an execution issued upon a judgment entered by the defendant, the goods in controversy being included in the levy. [423] The appellant discusses the assignments of error, fifteen in number, under five distinct propositions : “ 1. The record of the assigned estate of Williams & Ulmer, Ltd., was inadmissible in evidence.” The main issue was as to the insolvency of and the knowledge thereof by Williams & Ulmer at the time the purchase from the plaintiffs was made. The representations of solvency upon which the sale was based were made January 27, 1898. An assignment was made late in May of the same year. Tire record of the appraisement showed the condition of the estate at the time of the assignment and was some evidence of their financial condition at the time the representations were made; not conclusive, of course, but to some extent persuasive. In Com. v. Hazlett, 14 Pa. Superior Ct. 352, we held that the commonwealth could introduce the appraisement made by the appraisers appointed at the instance of the assignees at a period not greatly remote from the receipt of a deposit by a banker, in a criminal prosecution against an insolvent banker for receiving a deposit, knowing himself to be insolvent, “ as an aid to the jury in determining the issue as to the insolvency of the defendant at the date of deposit.” See also Com. v. Smith, 4 Pa. Superior Ct. 1, and Cooperage Co. v. Gaul, 170 Pa. 545. It is true that in both of these cases less time elapsed between the receipt of the deposits and the assignment than in this case between the representations and the assignment, but the principle is the same and the appraisement was not too remote to prevent its having some bearing upon the question of insolvency and the knowledge thereof by the assignors at the time the representations, upon which the purchase from the plaintiffs is based, were made. “ 2. The plaintiff was bound to return such notes as it had received for its goods or at least file them in court.” There would be more force in this contention, if the issue Avere one between the vendor and vendee. The defendant has certainly no right to the notes, if any were in existence, but it is not shown that notes were given or that the plaintiff had ever received any in payment of the goods sold. The plaintiff’s Avitness, who was asked as to notes, said he had no knowledge of the existence of any and did not know that the plaintiffs held any. If this had been disputed, the defendant could easily have shown that notes were given. A mere inference as to the [424] existence of notes imposed no obligation upon the plaintiff, much less the necessity of restoring a status which may never have had an existence in order to enable it to rescind. “ 8. The law of Pennsylvania and not that of New York should have been applied by the court.” The facts, as brought gut in the testimony, clearly established a New York contract, and the court properly so held. The order was accepted in New York and the goods delivered there to the purchasers. There can be no question that, under all our authorities, this constituted a New York contract. It is not necessary to consider, therefore, the next proposition, which is “ 4. The plaintiff was not entitled by the law of Pennsylvania to rescind the sales.” If it was not a Pennsylvania contract, the law of Pennsylvania does not apply. “ 5. Under the law of New York, if a vendor would rescind a sale, he must show the purchaser of the goods one knowingly insolvent and having a present intention not to pay for them.” This may be a correct statement of the law of New York, but it is objected by the appellant that there was no proof of it, and herein is the only error into which the court below inadvertently fell. It is true that the case of Lowrey v. Ulmer, 1 Pa. Superior Ct. 425, was brought to the attention of the court, in which this court said: “ The receiving of the goods at a time when the vendee knew he was insolvent and other facts showing his insolvency at the time of the purchase are evidence, however, of fraudulent intent at the time of the purchase, even if there were no representations at the time of the purchase as to insolvency, yet if the suppression of the insolvency is under such circumstances as point to a fraudulent concealment coupled with an intent not to pay for the goods, the vendor can rescind the sale for such fraud and retake the goods.” But in that case there was a specific agreement of counsel “ that it is the law of the state of New York that an insolvent vendee, knowing himself to be insolvent, who conceals from the vendor or fails to disclose to the vendor the facts of such insolvency, acquires no title to the goods sold and delivered by the vendor to such vendee in ignorance of the vendee’s insolvency.” It was unnecessary, therefore, to prove the law of the state of New York. In this case, however, there was neither agreement as to what the law was nor was [425] there any proof thereof. It is true, as held in Bock v. Lauman, 24 Pa. 435, “ that the law of a sister state is a matter of fact but not necessarily to be found by the jury, but will be considered by the court in a case depending on it, though not so found; ” but, in order to enable the court to consider it, it must be proved as other facts. In Bollinger v. Gallagher, 170 Pa. 84, it was held that “ the law of another state upon a subject coming under notice in the trial of a cause will be presumed to be the same as the law of this state upon the same subject. It is incumbent upon him who alleges that it is different to show just what it is to the court who will judge of the sufficiency of the evidence, and its effect, and instruct the jury thereon.” “ A statute admits of exact proof by a copy and for this reason it cannot be shown by parol. The expositions of that statute by the courts are not necessarily evidenced by any sort of documentary matter and for this reason may be proved by one who is familiar with them.” The court below had no such evidence before it as to what the law of New York was at the time of the trial. It is undoubtedly true that the law of New York, as read from the case of Lowrey v. Ulmer, supra, was the law of that case for it had been specifically agreed by counsel that it should be so. That decision, therefore, went no further than its own facts and there was nothing to show that the law of New York had not been changed in the mean time. The seventh specification of error must, therefore, be sustained. Judgment reversed and a new venire awarded.