Logan v. Pennsylvania Telephone Co.

Opinion by Morrison, J., There is nothing of serious importance raised by the first and second assignments of error. Prior to the procedure Act of May 25,1887, P. L. 271, there were three well-known forms of actions of trespass, viz.: vi et armis, quare clausum fregit and trespass on the case. By the second section of that act it is provided: “That, so far as relates to procedure, the distinctions heretofore existing between actions ex delicto be abolished, and that all damages, heretofore recoverable in trespass, trover or trespass on the case, shall hereafter be sued for and recovered in one form of action, to be called an action of trespass.” Under this act and the numerous decisions thereunder, the plaintiff was entitled to recover in this action of trespass, under his declaration, which is a fairly concise statement of his cause [647] of action, even if under the old law he could only have recovered in case. The declaration avers an injury to the reversion, and under the old law the plaintiff could maintain his action in case without the personal possession of the locus in quo: Duffield v. Rosenzweig, 144 Pa. 520. The declaration avers that the plaintiff was seized of the locus in quo before, at the time of and since the injuries complained of therein. This was sufficient to maintain trespass on the case, although the plaintiff was not in an actual pedis possessio of the premises: Hart v. Evans, 8 Pa. 13. Moreover, the plaintiff’s tenants were in possession, and we held in Vanderslice v. Donner, 26 Pa. Superior Ct. 319, that “As to the first, since possession by a tenant is in law possession by the landlord, it is always competent to show such possession when the question of possession by the landlord is involved.” Under this and other authorities that might be cited, we are not prepared to concede that trespass quare clausum fregit might not be maintained by the landlord, under the possession of his tenant, against a wrongdoer. But that question is not necessarily in the present case, as the plaintiff had the right to recover in case for the injury to the reversion, if he did not have possession. In Devlin v. Snellenburg, 132 Pa. 186, it was held as stated in the syllabus: “One who paints an advertisement of his business upon the wall of a building belonging to another, at the time under lease to a tenant, is not relieved from liability to the landlord by the fact that the tenant consented thereto. Where the wall is injured, the injury is an injury to the reversion, and the owner thereof may have his action on the case (or the statutory action of trespass) therefor: Ripka v. Sergeant, 7 W. & S. 9; Schnable v. Koehler, 28 Pa. 181; McIntyre v. Coal Co., 118 Pa. 108.” See also Hennessy v. Anstock, 19 Pa. Superior Ct. 644. The first and second assignments are not sustained. There is no merit in the third assignment. The defendant, by counsel, appeared and entered a general plea of not guilty, and the case was tried on the theory that the defendant was duly incorporated and had a corporate existence long after the alleged trespass and after the commencement of the suit. Moreover, the learned counsel for the defendant admit this [648] both in their oral and printed argument. We find nothing in the record sustaining the suggestion made at the trial, “that the defendant corporation had been merged under the act of •June 14, 1901, with the Bell Telephone Company of Philadelphia, and that the said merger was consummated on January 1, 1908, and that upon said date the corporate existence of the defendant company terminated, this action abated, and there can be no judgment against the defendant.” This suit was commenced in July, 1907, long prior to the alleged merger, and it could not be abated, after plea entered, by the mere suggestion of counsel made at the trial. If a proper plea in abatement had been entered it would have been necessary to have sustained it by the best competent evidence of that fact, to wit, that the suit had abated. The defendant offered no testimony and we are at a loss to understand how it can be ■contended that the suggestion that the suit had abated was sustained. Upon this question the learned court below in disposing of the motion for a new trial, said: “This suggestion was only made of record by defendant’s counsel at the trial of the case, and no formal plea in abatement was previously filed, or any affidavit made by the defendant to the facts on which- the motion was based, and which were not formally admitted by the plaintiff. The question was not, therefore, properly before the court for a ruling on the question of whether or not the writ was abated in this case. But even if the defendant corporation had become merged in another as suggested, the Acts of assembly of May 29, 1901, P. L. 349, and of June 14, 1901, P. L. 566, would have preserved the right of the plaintiff to recover in this action for injuries to his property inflicted by the defendant.” Upon this record we are not convinced that the court was in error in the above conclusion. The fourth assignment of error complains of the court for refusing the defendant’s fourth point that under all the evidence the verdict of the jury must be for the defendant. Under the evidence the case was for the jury and therefore this point could not have been affirmed. The grounds of complaint raised by the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth assignments will disappear when the plain [649] tiff files a stipulation to the effect that the present recovery shall include the servitude imposed on his land by the erection and maintenance of the telephone line along the highway thereon. This will not injure the defendant because the learned court below instructed the jury not to include in the verdict any damages caused by the servitude imposed on the plaintiff's land. We discover no reason why, by a slight amendment of the declaration,- the plaintiff might not .have recovered in this action all of the damages he suffered by the unlawful entry upon and use of his lands by the defendant corporation. We find no serious error in this record and instead of convicting the court of error we are lead to the conclusion that great patience and good judgment were exhibited by the learned judge during the trial of the case and, we think, the verdict and judgment below does no injustice to the defendant. We cannot sustain the tenth assignment as in our opinion the learned court properly submitted the plaintiff's evidence to the jury for consideration along with the other evidence. In their oral and printed argument the counsel for plaintiff offered to file a stipulation to the effect that the verdict and judgment below will be accepted in full of all damages, including the servitude. If this is done it will not be necessary to make a formal amendment to the declaration. In the following order it is assumed that the plaintiff will file the stipulation mentioned and, therefore, no alternative order is made. If, on notice from the prothonotary to the plaintiff, or his counsel of record, he shall within ten days file a stipulation as above indicated, then the prothonotary will enter, “The assignments of error are all overruled and the judgment is affirmed.”