Drummond v. Pennsylvania Railroad

Opinion by Porter, J., The plaintiff brought this action of trespass to recover damages for injuries alleged to have been sustained by the- falling upon him of a stepladder from which an employee of the defendant company was engaged in cleaning the ceiling of the lower floor of the Broad Street Station. The plaintiff had entered the station premises for the purpose of making some purchases at the stand of the news company, a tenant of the defendant, the approach to which wras along the passageway leading to the upper floor of the station. He was not a passenger and did not intend to become a passenger upon any train of the defendant, and the rules governing the relation of a carrier to a passenger have no application in this case. The duty which the defendant owed to the plaintiff was that of an owner of property who undertakes to maintain a passageway to a store which he has rented to another. The employees of the defendant company were engaged in cleaning the ceiling of this passageway and one of them was standing upon a stepladder about eight feet high, near the top of which he had a bucket securely tied, from which he obtained the water used in doing the work. There is no question, under the evidence, that there was ample space for the passage of all who visited the premises unobstructed by the presence of the stepladder. The stepladder in some way was toppled over, the employee who had been standing at the top thereof was left clinging to a girder next the ceiling, and the stepladder came down upon the plaintiff, as he alleges injuring him severely and drenching his clothing with water from the bucket which was tied td the ladder. The burden was upon the plaintiff to produce evidence warranting a finding that the accident was caused by the uegligence of an employee of the defendant company. The evidence at the trial was conflicting. One witness [448] produced by the plaintiff testified that the man upon the ladder, who was cleaning the ceiling, reached over too far and tipped the ladder which he was on, thus causing it to fall and strike the plaintiff, and another of his witnesses testified that the man cleaning the girder at the ceiling .pushed too hard on the girder and pushed the ladder over. It could not be inferred from the testimony of any of the witnesses produced by the plaintiff that he had himself walked against the ladder in such a manner as to throw it over. The defendant called several witnesses who testified positively that the fall of the ladder was caused by the action of the plaintiff in walking backwards under it while he was looking for something upon the floor and coming into collision with the brace which connected the ladder with the supports which stood in front of it, so threw it over. The testimony and the inferences which might properly be drawn from it were not so clear that the court would have been warranted in passing upon the question of the negligence of the defendant, as a matter of law. The first and second specifications of error must upon this ground be dismissed. The appellant contends that the evidence established that the plaintiff, after he had completed his purchases and left the news stand, loitered upon the premises of the defendant, while reading the newspaper which he had bought, purely for his own convenience and that the company at that time owed him no duty, save not to injure him wantonly; and for that reason the plaintiff was not entitled to recover. The evidence upon this point was conflicting. The plaintiff testified that he walked towards the door and merely stopped to turn over a page of his newspaper, while some of his own witnesses testified that they had seen him standing in the passageway reading his newspaper. Taking the entire testimony it was certainly such as to warrant a finding that the plaintiff remained standing in the passageway, near the door opening to the street, reading his newspaper, while [449] awaiting the arrival of a street car, upon which he intended to ride to his home, and he did subsequently go out and take such a car upon Market street at the corner of Fifteenth street. This would have warranted a finding that the plaintiff when injured was a mere loiterer upon the premises of the defendant company, and if so he was not entitled to recover: Powell v. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co., 220 Pa. 638; Ambler v. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co., 39 Pa. Superior Ct. 198. The question whether the plaintiff had left the premises of the defend-. ant company with reasonable promptness was, under the conflicting evidence, a question of fact for the. jury. The fourth point for charge submitted by the defendant could not, therefore, be unqualifiedly affirmed, and the third specification is overruled. The court fell into error in that portion of the charge which is the subject of the fourth specification of error, viz: “If the plaintiff did not come in contact with the ladder until the ladder fell over on him, then there was negligence on the part of the servants of the defendant, and your verdict should be for the plaintiff.” This made the whole case turn upon the mere fact of whether, or not, the plaintiff had come in contact with the ladder before it fell. It entirely left out of view the principle that if the plaintiff was a mere loiterer on the premises at the time he was injured, and if the injury was the result of mere negligence on the part of an employee of the defendant company, there could be no recovery. It also failed to recognize that the burden was upon the plaintiff to establish the negligence of the defendant, and that the evidence being oral and conflicting, the question of the exist-, ence of such negligence was one of fact to be determined by the jury. The fourth specification of error is sustained. The judgment is reversed and a venire facias de novo awarded.