Brown v. Winelander

Opinion by Keller, J., Two assignments of error have been filed in this appeal. The first is to the refusal of the court below to direct a verdict in favor of the defendant; the second, to the action of the court in permitting, after verdict, an amendment to the plaintiffs’ statement increasing the amount of damages claimed. 1. The facts in evidence as presented by the plaintiffs were briefly as follows: The plaintiff, Delia Brown, on the morning of October 31, 1918, was being taken to school, with several companions, in her uncle’s motor car, which was driven by her cousin, Joseph Harris, a licensed driver. As the car was going south on Wissahickon avenue, just over the crest of the hill.at Manheim street, it was approached by the defendant’s car, coming north, driven by his agent and employee, one Joseph Connelly. Young Harris was driving as far on the right-hand side of the road as he could safely go, there being a deep gutter bordering the roadway on that side. The defendant’s driver came northward up the slope not keeping to his right-hand side but considerably over the .crown of the road. Both cars were moving at about the same rate of speed and neither was going unreasonably fast provided he stayed on his own side of the road. The front of the defendant’s car barely passed the front of the Harris car, but failed to turn out sufficiently to clear the rear, hitting the Harris car with such force that it knocked it over into the gutter where it turned turtle twice, and severely injuring the plaintiff, Delia Brown, [200] and the other occupants of the car. The left front wheel of the defendant’s car was broken by its impact against the Harris car. Under this state of facts, the trial judge could not rule, as, a matter of law, that there was no evidence of the defendant’s negligence. It is negligence, and entirely too common a form of it, for a motorist having plenty of room to pass on his own side to steer his car so close to an approaching car that the least swerve may cause a collision. The whole question of negligence and contributory negligence was left to the jury in a charge that is not complained of. Subsequently on a motion for judgment n. o. v. the defendant advanced the proposition that he was not liable because there was no affirmative proof at the trial that at the time of the accident the driver Connelly was engaged on his business. The court dismissed the motion and the record shows no exception or assignment of error to such action. This action was tried in the municipal court and is governed as to pleadings and practice by the Act of July 12, 1913, P. L. 711, creating that court. It provides in section 12 for the filing of a plaintiff’s statement and a defendant’s answer which shall “contain an admission or denial of each fact averred”......“all facts which defendant does not deny or aver himself to be ignorant and demand proof as aforesaid, shall be deemed to be admitted.” The plaintiffs’ statement in paragraph 2 averred that the car inflicting the damage belonged to the defendant and was being driven by his agent and employee, Joseph Connelly, and in paragraph 3, averred the duty of the “defendant’s agent and representative” to exercise due care in the operation of his car. In his answer the defendant did not deny that the car was owned by him or was being driven at the time of the accident by his agent and employee, but admitted that there had been a collision on the date mentioned between a car “driven by 'his employee and a car belonging to some other person whose ownership he does not know.” He averred, however, that the collision was not the result [201] of any negligence on “the part of the defendant’s employee, but was due to the negligence of the person driving the car in which it is alleged the plaintiff’s daughter was riding.” We are of the opinion that the language in the plaintiffs’ statement above referred to, amounted to more than a mere averment that the driver of the car was in the employ of the defendant; that it imported that at the time of the accident, the driver was the agent and employee of the defendant with respect to what he was then doing and was, therefore, engaged on Ms business. And that this is not' an unreasonable construction is seen from the wording of the defendant’s answer to these averments, wherein he recognized the driver as his employee in the premises. If the driver of the car was not engaged on the defendant’s business at the time of the accident, but was using the car for his own private purposes, then he was not the defendant’s agent or employee with respect to that transaction and it was the defendant’s duty to raise the issue in his answer. That he did not do so, and likewise failed to raise it at the trial, leads to the conclusion that his employment in and about the defendant’s business at the time of the accident was not questioned and was subsequently raised as an afterthought. It is true that in a number of decisions, both of this court and of the Supreme Court, it has been held that the fact that a car was being driven by one who was in the regular employment of the defendant was not sufficient to render the defendant liable for his negligence, but that there must be some evidence that the car was being used in and about the defendant’s business at the time of the injury: Sarver v. Mitchell, 35 Pa. Superior Ct. 69 ; Luckett v. Reighard, 248 Pa. 24; or conversely, that the master was not liable if the evidence showed that the servant or employee was using the car, not on Ms master’s business, but for his own private purposes: Lotz v. Hanlon, 217 Pa. 339; Scheel v. Shaw, 252 Pa. 451. But if there is testimony from which the use of the car on the [202] master’s business may be inferred, it is a question of fact for the jury: Curran v. Lorch, 243 Pa. 247; Blaker v. Phila. Electric Co., 60 Pa. Superior Ct. 56; Maloy v. Rosenbaum Co., 260 Pa. 466. Under the simplified practice acts now in force — and the Municipal Court Act is among them — the effect to be given an undenied averment in a plaintiff’s statement, with respect to a matter which the defendant is required to answer, is the same as if it had been conclusively proven on the trial by competent and sufficient evidence. Most of the cases cited by the appellant arose before the simplified practice acts had been passed. As to the others, the several defendants denied that the person driving the car at the time of the accident was engaged in and about their business and thus put the plaintiffs to proof of the averment at the trial. In this case there was no denial of the averment in the plaintiffs’ statement with respect to the driver’s agency for the defendant and we are of opinion that it was sufficient to establish such agency in the operation of his car at the time of the accident. The first assignment is overruled. 2. The injury to the plaintiff, Delia Brown, was quite a severe one. She had to undergo three operations, all requiring the use of anesthetics, and suffered intense pain. In her statement of claim, she laid her damages in the sum of five hundred dollars. The jury awarded her eight hundred dollars. Before judgment, the court permitted an amendment of the ad damnum clause of her statement increasing the amount claimed to one thousand dollars. This was in exact accordance with the ruling of the Supreme Court in the recent case of Theisen v. Pittsburgh Railways Co., 256 Pa. 475, and was a proper exercise of judicial discretion. We may add that neither assignment is in accord with the rules of this court and the appeal might properly be dismissed on that ground. The judgment is affirmed.