Lessee of Shields v. Buchannan

By the court. Enough has been shown, to justify the reading of the surveys to the jury. They have been accepted into the surveyor general,s office, acknowledged by the receiver general, and recognized by the board of property. No oipinion is now given as to their validity; [220] that matter is reserved for future consideration, when the evidence is fiinished and as opposite title comes in competition. It is certain the surveys have been made out of the common line ; but we well know the'proprietary land officers sometimes deviated from their usual forms • of doing business. A deed from Thomas Holiday to Thomas White, dated 8th June 1770, and acknowledged before Christopher Hayes, on the 20th January 1783, was then offered in evidence, and accepted to by the defendant, the said Hayes at the time of the acknowledgment, being only a member of the Executive Council; which was ascertained by proof. And by the court. The objection appears to us to be fatal. Under the law of 28th May 1717, 1 Dall. Laws, 110, § 2, justices of peace were empowered to take the acknowledgment of deeds. But this was changed by the act of 18th March 1775, ib. 703, § 1, which directed that all deeds made, should be acknowledged before a judge of the Supreme Court, or a justice of the Court of Common Pleas of the proper county. It is true, that every member of the Executive Council, was declared by the constitution of 28th September 1776, Ib. Append. 58, to be a justice of the peace for the whole commonwealth, by virtue of his office ; but the natural construction thereof was, that they-should be mere conservators of the peace, and not possess all the powers of justices of the .peace, in removing paupers, &e. But in the events of a great revolution, it was prudential to sanctify certain irregular acts, flagrante hello ; and hence a law was passed on the 31st August 1778, which directs, that acknowledgments and proofs of deeds before any member of the council of safety, while that council subsisted, of convention justices of the peace, until justices of the Court of Common Pleas were appointed, or members of the Executive Council at any time before the publication of that act should be valid provided the deeds were recorded within nine months. This deed not being acknowledged until 1783, and never recorded, the irregularity is not cured by the act, and therefore without other proof, it cannot be received in evidence. It was then shown in evidence by the plaintiff, that William Holiday, one of the subscribing witnesses to the aforesaid deed, died in New York during the late war, and that the signature thereto, was believed to be his ; hand-writing that John Lowman, the other witness, was on the north west of the Ohio, near Presque Isle, and that the signature thereof was believed to be written by the grantor; and the court thereupon directed it to be read. Messrs. Ross and Young, pro quer. Mr. Woods, pro def. The said Thomas White, the grantee, on the 16th May 1772, conveyed the lands in question to Elizabeth, his eldest daughter by his first marriage, containing 143| acres. She afterwards intermarried with Moses Latta, one of the defendant, who, on the 13th September 1787, obtained a warrent for 142 acres, including an improvement, and completed his legal title by a patent dated 30th November 1787. The said Thomas White, on the 24th October 1780, also conveyed the whole 624 acres to Agnes, his youngest daughter by his second marriage. In April 1784, she conveyed the whole tract to Christopher Hayes and John Henderson, in consideration of 200i. On the 26th May 1791, Christopher Hayes declares^ that the lands were purchased with the proper moneys of Thomas Shields, the lessor of the plaintiff, and the use thereof resulting to him, he “ grants, bargains, sells and releases” all his legal interest therein to him, in consideration of 5s. The legal interests of Henderson in the other moiety was vested in Shields, by a deed from James Guthrie, sheriff, dated 3d August 1791. The deposition of Agnes Ryan, (late White,) was offered in evidence by the plaintiff, and excepted to, because her conveyance containing words of implied warranty, she could be no witness without a previous release. And the same was accordingly overruled by the court. The court inclined likewise to the same opinion, on an objection taken to the deposition of Christoper Hayes on the same ground. But the counsel urged that this was materially distinguished from the former case. Hayes declared in his deed that he was a mere trustee for the use of Shields, and had paid his money for the lands: and the latter by accepting of this conveyance estops himself from asserting that Hayes sold to him. Consequently he can set up no claim against Hayes, on the words of implied warranty contained therein, but is obliged to take the title as he finds it. He shall never be allowed to recur to his mere trustee for any supposed damages incurred in the purchase of a bad title, after having once adopted his act. The court hereupon readily retracted the opinion they at first entertained, and directed the deposition to be read. Verdict pro def.