Ristine v. Ristine

The opinion of the court was delivered by Kennedy J. We think that the Court of Common Pleas erred in rendering a judgment upon the demurrer in favour of the defendant. The proceeding in this case is founded upon our act of assembly, passed the thirteenth of March, 1815, Purd. Dig. 212. (1831). The first section enacts, that “ When a marriage hath been heretofore, or shall hereafter be contracted and celebrated between any two persons, and it shall be judged in the manner hereinafter mentioned, that either party at the time of. the contract, was, and still is naturally impotent or incapable of procreation, or that he or she hath knowingly entered into a second marriage, in violation of the previous vow he or she made to the: former wife or husband, whose marriage is still subsisting, or that either party shall have committed adultery, or wilful and malicious desertion, and absence from the habitation.of the other, without reasonable cause, for and during the term and space of two years; or when any husband.sh.all. have by cruel and barbarous treatment endangered his wife’s life, or offered such indignities to her person as to render her condition intolerable, and life burdensome, and thereby force, her . to withdraw from his house and family; in every such case, it.shall, and' may be lawful for the innocent and injured, person to obtain a divorce from the bond of matrimony.” By the seventh section it is further enacted, that “ in any action or suit commenced in the said court for a diyorce for the cause of adultery, if .the defendant shall allege and prove that the plaintiff has been guilty of. the like crime, or has admitted the; defendant into conjugal society or embraces, after he.or she. knew of.the criminal fact, or that the said plaintiff (if the husband) .allowed of the wife’s prostitutions, or received hire fot them, or .exposed his wife to lewd company, whereby she became ensnared to . the crime aforesaid, it shall be a good defence and a perpetual bar against the same.” The ground set forth by the plaintiff in his libel for claiming to be divorced from the defendant in this case, is her wilful and malicious desertion and absence from Ms habitation without a reasonable cause for and during the term and space of two years and upwards. This is clearly made sufficient'cause for a divorce, by the express terms of the act; and. .if true', there is certainly no part of the act which declares that the adultery of the plaintiff committed by him after he had been so deserted by the defendant, shall be a bar to the plaintiff’s obtaining a divorce. Had he, however, committed such offence while his wife was living with him, it might have been very reasonable cause for her leaving him; but that is not alleged. There is nothing in the act which seems to favour the idea of making the adultery of the plaintiff, committed by him after he has been deserted by the defendant, a bar to obtaining a divorce, except that in the preamble thereto, the giving “ relief to the innocent and injured parly” is mentioned as a reason for passing the act: And again in the close of the first section which I have recited, it is declared, that “ in every such case it shall and may be lawful for the innocent and injured person to obtain a divorce from the bond of matrimony.” These clauses or ex [462] pressions might have had great weight in sustaining the judgment of Common Pleas in this case, were it not for the declaration contained in the seventh section, which I have also recited, that seems to demonstrate the design and intention of the legislature in regard to this question, with a clearness that removes all doubt, as I conceive. This section declares that adultery committed by the plaintiff, shall be a good defence, and a perpetual bar against his obtaining a divorce in any case where he sues for it, on account of adultery committed by the defendant. By the express terms of the act, the adultery of the plaintiff is made a bar to his or her obtaining a divorce, in case it be claimed for the cause of adultery, charged to have been committed by the defendant, and not for any of the other causes set forth and declared by the act to be sufficient to entitle the party to a divorce. The legislature by confining this defence to the single case of a divorce sued for on account of adultery, alleged to have been committed by the defendant, may fairly be considered as having intended to make it the only case in which such a defence should be available, unless as a good excuse or “ reasonable cause” for the defendant’s deserting and leaving the plaintiff! If they had intended to make it a good defence in the other cases as well as this, they would doubtless have so declared it. No good reason can be given why they should have designated this one case and not the others, if they intended to place the Tatter on the same footing with the other. The same motive which induced them to provide expressly for the one case, would have induced them to have extended the same provisions to the other cases, had they so intended it. The reason or propriety of making this distinction need not be inquired after. For although we may not be able to discover any, still that would not be sufficient to warrant a construction of the act, contrary to what we are irrestibly brought to believe was the intention of the legislature from the whole frame and structure of the act itself. The maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius et expressum facit cessare taciturn is directly applicable, and sustains our construction of this act. The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas is reversed, and the parties are at liberty now to proceed to the trial of the issue taken on the facts alleged by the plain tiff in his libel, as the cause for his claiming a divorce. Decree reversed.