Reizes v. Weller

Opinion by Judge Palladino, This is an appeal by Leslie N. Reizes (Appellant) from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County (trial court) which granted summary judgment in favor of the tax collector for the Athens Area School District (District). We affirm. Appellant has been a resident of the District since 1979. Appellant is an attorney and practices law in Waverly, New York. He was not admitted to practice in Pennsylvania until 1981. In 1979 and 1980 he was assessed an occupation tax, based upon his occupation as an attorney, pursuant to Section 2 of The Local Tax Enabling Act, Act of December 31, 1965, P.L. 1257, as amended, 53 P.S. §6902.1 Appellant’s appeal of the [122] 1979 assessment before tbe Bradford County Board of Assessment Appeals was denied. Appellant did not appeal tbe denial, nor did be pay tbe tax. On September 22, 1981, after previous attempts to collect tbe delinquent taxes were unsuccessful, tbe District’s tax collector filed two assumpsit actions seeking to collect tbe 1979 and 1980 occupation taxes wbicb bad been assessed against Appellant. Upon cross motions for summary judgment, tbe trial court granted tbe tax collector’s motion and judgment was entered against Appellant. Tbe sole question presented by Appellant on appeal to this Court is whether a political subdivision of tbe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania may, consistent with tbe United States Constitution, impose an occupation tax on a resident who does not practice bis occupation within tbe political subdivision and is not licensed to practice bis occupation by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. We bold that the political subdivision may impose such a tax without violating tbe United States Constitution. Appellant asserts that due process forbids a state, or a political subdivision of a state, to tax an activity with which tbe state or subdivision has no. minimum contact and for wbicb it gives no protection or return. Appellant then argues that'.because be neither practiced bis. occupation within tbe District nor was be licensed to practice by tbe Commonwealth, tbe District cannot impose a tax on tbe privilege of practicing bis occupation. Appellant’s argument mispereeives the nature of an occupation tax. This Court’s discussion of tbe differences between an occupation tax and an occupational privilege tax in tbe case of Taylor v. Coatesville Area School District, 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 510, 279 A.2d 90 (1971) is instructive: What appellant fails to consider is that here we are confronted with an occupation tax and not [123] an occupation privilege tax or a capitation tax. An occupation tax may only be levied on residents and must be a flat rate levy measured by tbe assessed value of a particular occupation. However, an occupation privilege tax must be levied on residents and nonresidents alike and may only be levied by the district in which one’s occupation is pursued. An occupation tax was defined by our Supreme Court as long ago as 1885 when in Banger’s Appeal, 109 Pa. 79 (1885), at page 95 it used this language: ‘An “occupation” tax is peculiar in its character. It is not a tax upon property, but upon the pursuit which a man follows in order to acquire property and support his family. It is a tax upon income in the sense only that every other tax is a tax upon income; that is to say, it reduces a man’s clear income by the precise amount of the tax. But it is an income tax in no sense. ’ Id. at 515, 279 A.2d at 92. (Emphasis added.) Thus, an occupation tax is not a privilege tax, nor is it a property tax or an income tax. It is a tax upon the residents of the political subdivision which levies the tax, the amount of which is determined by the resident’s occupation. The fact that the taxpayer is, by definition, a resident of the taxing body and receives the services of the taxing body provides a 'more than sufficient nexus between the political subdivision and the taxpayer to satisfy the mandates of the United States Constitution. In the ease at bar, it is undisputed that Appellant was a resident of the District and received the same benefits as all other residents of the District. The District’s occupation tax, as applied to Appellant, is therefore constitutional. Accordingly, the order of the trial court is affirmed. [124] The tax collector’s motion for costs, damages and counsel fees, however, will be denied because there is insufficient evidence that the appeal was frivolous or taken for purposes of delay or that Appellant’s conduct was dilatory, obdurate or vexatious. See Pa. R.A.P. 2744. Order And Now, February 11, 1986, the orders of the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County, No. 81-9513 and No. 82-11,683, dated January 17, 1985, are affirmed. Footnotes [1] The Local Tax Enabling Act has been incorporated into Section 201(c) of The Fourth to Eighth Class County Assessment Law, Act of May 21, 1943, P.L. 571, as amended, 72 P.S. §5453.201(c).