Hastings v. Inhabitants of Bolton

Bigelow, C. J. It is a mistake to suppose that the superior court had no jurisdiction of this action, although it was subject to abatement by reason of being brought in a county where the plaintiff did not reside, and where the defendant town was not situated. It was a civil action in which the sum demanded was within the limit prescribed by law for the exclusive cognizance of that court. It had, therefore, jurisdiction of the parties and the subject-matter. Courts of general jurisdiction will hold pleas of all transitory actions if there is no plea to the jurisdiction, more especially where there is nothing on the face of the writ to show [530] any want of jurisdiction. Bac. Ab. Plea, E. 1. 1 Chit. Pl. 427 The provisions of law regulating the bringing of actions in certain counties were intended for the benefit of defendants, in order to prevent inconvenience and vexation to them by being obliged to answer to actions in remote counties at the pleasure of the party bringing the suit. But it is only a matter of abatement to the writ, and does not go to the general jurisdiction of the court. Cleveland v. Welsh, 4 Mass. 591. Carlisle v. Weston, 21 Pick. 535. Briggs v. Humphrey, ante, 371. It was, therefore, competent for the defendants to waive the objection and to answer to the merits of the case. This they had done by omitting to plead the matter in abatement of the writ seasonably, and by filing an answer to the action. Simonds v. Parker, 1 Met. 508. Pratt v. Sanger, 4 Gray, 88. The court had no power to allow the answer in abatement to be filed. It was not merely the exercise of an authority to permit the defendants to amend their pleadings. It went much farther. It set aside the well established rule of law that a dilatory plea must be filed within a certain period of time after the entry of an action, and it also deprived the plaintiff of the benefit of the waiver of such a plea by an answer to the merits. These were legal rights on which the plaintiff had a right to insist, and which the court, in the exercise of a judicial discretion, could not take away. The power to allow amendments, though very broad and comprehensive, does not authorize courts to disregard or abrogate the fixed and settled rules of law regulating judicial proceedings; and, indeed, upon the broadest interpretation of the words of the statute by which the power to allow amendments is given, (Gen. Sts. c. 129, § 41,) the action of the court in the present case was clearly unauthorized, because in the stage to which the cause had arrived, all matters of abatement had ceased to be a “ legal defence.” It was suggested that the facts on which the answer in abatement was founded were not known to the defendants until after the case had been in court for more than one term, and after an answer to the merits had been filed. But this is wholly immaterial. The defendants were bound seasonably to make [531] inquiry and ascertain whether the plaintiff had brought his action in the proper county. By omitting to do so they were guilty of loches, and the law will not relieve them from the consequences of such negligence. It was also urged that these exceptions were not cognizable by this court, because the questions presented by them arose on a plea in abatement, in regard to which the decision of the judge of the court below is final. Gen. Sts. c. 115, § 7. But this position is clearly untenable. The statute was intended only to apply to questions which might arise in cases where a plea or answer in abatement was properly filed. Here the question is whether the court had any authority to permit such an answer to be filed at all. Exceptions sustained.