Sogomonian v. C. F. Hovey Co.

Rttgg, C.J. This is a petition to establish the truth of exceptions which were disallowed “as not being conformable to the truth.” The petition has been referred to a commissioner and the case comes before us on his report. It is contended that this petition cannot be maintained because the bill of exceptions was not seasonably acted upon by the judge. The facts upon which that contention is predicated are these: The time for allowance of the exceptions would expire in accordance with notice under Rule 53. of Superior Court (1923) on February 24, 1925. Before the — 553 — time had expired, the exceptions had been seasonably presented to the judge at a final conference with counsel for both parties. At this conference the j udge said, ‘ ‘ there is nothing for me to do but to disallow this bill of exceptions .... I disallow them now and they are disallowed.” This was said orally and no certificate of disallowance appears to have been then written and signed by the judge. This occurred after it was supposed that the office of the clerk of the court was closed and motion was prepared by counsel for the excepting party and allowed by the judge extending the time to and including February 25, in order that the judge might formally enter the certificate of disallowance with the clerk. The disallowance was not made until February 27. This was called to the attention of the judge, who, on March 4, caused to be entered on the docket this: ‘' Ordered — as of February 25,1925 that the time for allowance of defendant’s exceptions be extended to February 27, 1925, inclusive.” This order was ineffective. A valid order for extension of time for the allowance of exceptions must be made before time theretofore allowed has expired. Barnard Manuf. Co. v. Eugen C. Andres Co. 234 Mass. 148, 152. The allowance or disallowance of exceptions must be made by a certificate in writing signed by the judge. The oral disallowance of February 24 or February 25 was not the kind of disallowance contemplated by the law. The excepting party, however, had done all that he could do to secure action by the judge upon his exceptions within the time for allowance as extended. Manifestly he could not control the conduct of the judge. It is provided by G. L. c. 231, § 117, “If the presiding justice . . . disallows or fails to sign and return the exceptions . . . and either party is aggrieved thereby, the truth of the exceptions presented may be established before the full court upon petition . . . .” This language makes precise provision for the case where the judge does not allow the exceptions within the required time and the excepting party is not in default in calling the exceptions to the attention of the judge and endeavoring to secure their allowance by him. In the case at bar the counsel for the excepting party appears to have been diligent to se — 554 — cure the allowance of his exceptions, but the judge failed to sign and return them within the time limited by law. The excepting party, therefore, was entitled to invoke the extraordinary relief of a petition to the full court. Within twenty days after the expiration of the time, as extended, for the allowance of his exceptions, the excepting party filed in the full court a petition to establish the truth of the exceptions. It is not questioned that in other respects there was compliance with the provisions of Eule 6 of Eules for the Eegulation of Practice before the Full Court. The excepting party, petitioner here, has conformed to the requirements of the statutes, G. L. c. 231, §§ 114, 117, and of the rules of court made pursuant thereto, and is entitled to present his petition. See Borrowscale v. Bosworth, 98 Mass. 34, 38, Browne v. Hale, 127 Mass. 158, 161. Two exceptions were alleged in the bill of exceptions as filed. One of these exceptions related to the exclusion of a question put to an employee of the petitioner. The exception stated, after narrating a colloquy in which the remark of the judge to the effect that the witness already had testified in direct and cross-examination all he could "remember about what his duties were” went unchallenged, that the form of the question was, "what his instructions were when he was instructed in regard to his duties.” The commissioner finds that the form of the excluded question in truth was, "What were you instructed to do when you went there?” These findings require the conclusion that the exception was stated in the bill with substantial accuracy. The other alleged exception, relating to a matter arising on a motion to set aside the verdict, is found by the commissioner not to have been saved. It need not be considered. The procedure of the commissioner was correct in intimating that the judge who disallowed the exceptions ought not to be called as a witness in the hearing before him. Moneyweight Scale Co. petitioner, 225 Mass. 473. Bottum v. Fogle, 105 Mass. 42. Sawyer v. Yale Iron Works, 116 Mass. 424. Morse v. Woodworth, 155 Mass. 233, 244. Ample opportunity is afforded to the judge to state in the certificate of disallowance the facts controlling to his mind. — 555 — The bill of exceptions as printed in the record occupies about two and one half printed pages. The descriptive part of the bill and the statement of the one exception shown by the report of the commissioner to have been saved, occupy one and one half of these printed pages, and the statement of its alleged exception not taken, one printed page. Thus two fifths of the bill as presented related to a matter which ought not to have been there at all. It would have been entirely proper for the judge to strike out that part of the bill of exceptions which ought not to have been there and to allow the rest of it. Seemingly that was his duty. The two parts appear to have been quite separate and distinct. Moneyweight Scale Co. petitioner, 225 Mass. 473, 479. Randall v. Peerless Motor Car Co. 212 Mass. 352, 391. O’Connell, petitioner, 174 Mass. 253, 257. It follows that the exception as to the exclusion of the question must be and is established. That exception is without merit. The witness, an employee of the present petitioner, had stated in detail the full extent of his duties. These duties had been performed in the department store of the employer during an employment of several weeks. Presumably these duties were performed in the presence and under the general direction of some agent of the petitioner, so that his conduct afforded the best test of the real scope of his authority. The ostensible powers of an agent are his real powers. Limitations as between the principal and agent of the apparent powers of the latter cannot affect the rights of third persons ignorant of such limitations and under no duty of investigation. There was no error in the exclusion of the question. Brooks v. Shaw, 197 Mass. 376, 380. Sanford v. Orient Ins, Co. 174 Mass. 416. Danforth v. Chandler, 237 Mass. 518. Webb v. Johnston, 246 Mass. 229, 233. Moreover, the witness having been called by the excepting party, no offer of proof was made. It cannot be known that the excepting party was injured by the exclusion of the questions. Cook v. Enterprise Transportation Co. 197 Mass. 7. Ryder v. Ellis, 241 Mass. 50, 58. The bill of exceptions, after striking out the part beginning — 556 — in the first line on page six of the record as printed for this court with the words, “The defendant duly filed a Motion,” and ending in the next to the last full paragraph on the same page with the words, “the Motion for a New Trial,” is established and the exceptions are overruled. So ordered.