Buskey v. City of Worcester

Wilkins, J. The plaintiff, a letter carrier, while walking toward a mail box, was hurt because of an alleged defect in Holden Street, Worcester. After his exceptions were sustained in 323 Mass. 342, this action of tort was retried, and the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. The defendant’s only exception relied upon is to the denial of its motion for a directed verdict, such motion being based upon all the evidence and the pleadings. ■ The- declaration alleges - that Holden Street is a public way which the defendant, a municipal corporation, was bound to keep in safe condition for public travel; that on pr about January 31, 1943, the plaintiff, while lawfully travelling on that street, “fell into a catch basin of a sewer which was located in said Holden Street; that the said street at the place of the plaintiff’s injury was dangerous and- defective and said catch basin was negligently suffered by' said defendant to be kept and maintained without any cover, barrier, guard, railing or other protection upon or about it;. that as a result of the defective condition of said [407] Holden Street as aforesaid and the negligence” of the defendant, the plaintiff was injured. On the evidence at the first trial the jury could have found that the plaintiff fell feet first into the catch basin until his downward motion was stopped by his arms and elbows. On the evidence at the second trial, however, the jury could have found that only the plaintiff’s foot was caught in an opening between the stone capstone and the grating of the catch basin. But it is nevertheless true that he fell into an opening which had no guard or other protection. The motion, accordingly, could not have been granted in so far as it related to the pleadings. . Upon the merits, while the evidence was not precisely the same as at the first trial, and perhaps weaker from the plaintiff’s point of view, it was nevertheless adequate in all material respects to warrant a verdict for him. The plaintiff testified that the ground was white with snow and he did not know of the catch basin; and that while walking in the street toward the mail box, he “went down without any warning . . . just went down quick. That’s all.” It is not fatal to his case that he testified that he did not know at the time into what he fell but thought it was a hole in the ground; or that he did not know the cause of his injury; or that he was not basing his case on the absence of a cover to the catch basin. Other witnesses testified that they observed his foot caught in the opening, which could have been found to be three feet long, eighteen inches high, and at least a foot wide. There was evidence that the opening was the same size as it had been for eight years. On the authority of the earlier opinion in this case it could have been found that there was an actionable defect. In Spillane v. Fitchburg, 177 Mass. 87, there was no evidence that the catch basin contained an opening so large that an injury to a traveller could have reasonably been anticipated, a distinction which was made in the earlier opinion (page 344). This is also true of Paulino v. Concord, 259 Mass. 142. It likewise could have been found on the authority of the earlier opinion that the plaintiff’s fall was not due in part to ice or [408] • snow, so that the notice, which was given within thirty, but not within ten, days of the injury, was seasonable. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 84, § 18, as appearing in St. 1933,. c. 114, § 1. One question not previously raised concerns the statutory notice. On February 17, 1943, the plaintiff wrote the defendant that on January 31, 1943, and at the place in question he “fell into an open catch basin of a sewer.” - On February 20 the defendant wrote the plaintiff that the notice was defective as not stating the cause of the fall. See G. L. ■ (Ter. Ed.) c. 84, § 20, as amended by St. 1939, c. 147. Under date of February 25 the plaintiff wrote the defendant that he was injured “as a result of falling into an open catch basin .... The cause of the accident and injury was the defective/ negligent and unsafe condition and maintenance of said catch basin and street in that said catch basin had no cover or the cover had been removed, leaving an opening in said' catch basin or drain into which I fell.” The defendant contends that the second notice gave as the cause of injury a street defect which was not proved. It must be ■ conceded that there was no evidence that, the catch basin lacked a cover. General Laws (Ter. Ed.) c. 84, § 18,- as appealing in St. 1933, c. 114, § 1, provides that a “notice shall not be invalid or insufficient solely by reason of any inaccuracy in stating the . . . cause of the injury, if it is ■ shown that there was no intention to mislead and that the party entitled to notice was not in fact misled thereby.!’ Here there was at most an inaccuracy and not an omission. Medeiros v. Somerset, 306 Mass. 557, 560. Lamereaux. v. Tula, 312 Mass. 359, 362. See Watts v. Rhodes, 325 Mass. 697, 700-701. The jury could accept the plaintiff’s own testimony that he had no intention to mislead. They also could have found that the defendant was not misled. There was evidence that the plaintiff was released from the opening by two police officers of the defendant; that there were altogether four police officers and two “cruiser cars” of the defendant at the scene soon after the plaintiff was discovered; and that on the following morning a civil engineer employed by the .defendant .and an. investigator in the de [409] fendant’s law department went to the scene, and observations, measurements, and a photograph were taken. Naze v. Hudson, 250 Mass. 368, 370. Ferguson v. Clinton, 265 Mass. 1, 3-4. Sheehan v. Lynn, 269 Mass. 571, 573. Exceptions overruled.