In re the Guardianship of Kapukini

OPINION OF THE COURT BY WHITING, J. In 1886 the probate records of the Supreme Court, now in the Circuit Court of the Eirst Judicial Circuit, show that a guardian was appointed over Kalua Kapiilrini, she then being a minor. Tn 1889 the guardian died and, on October 9, 1889, J. A. Mag-oon was appointed her guardian. In 1892 Kalua became of .age, but took no steps to have the guardian’s accounts settled and the guardian discharged until December, 1893. On February 2, 1891, the accounts of the guardian were found correct .and on the same day J. A. Magoon filed his petition to be ap — 23 — pointed guardian of Kalua on the statutory grounds of her being a spendthrift. Kalua also filed, on February 3, 1894, her petition asking that if tire1 court finds that she cannot keep, control or take charge of her property, then, that E. Makahalupa be appointed her guardian. On February 20, 1894, a hearing was had and the court, the First Circuit Judge in probate, appointed J. A. Magoon as guardian of Kalua, a spendthrift. Kalua was present and also was represented by counsel, and testimony was taken on her behalf. Kalua became of age in April, 1892, and since the appointment of a guardian over her as a spendthrift, she has married, and is now living with her husband. The ward, Kalua, now petitions for revocation of guardianship and removal of guardian for cause stated in the petition and also for terminar tion of the guardianship on the ground that the marriage of the ward operated as a matter of law to terminate the relation of guardian and ward and to discharge the guardian. The First Circuit Judge denied the petition and the ward appealed. Our statute relating to guardians and wards, provides that “the marriage of any female who is under guardianship as a minor, shall operate as a legal discharge to her guardian; and the guardian of any insane person or spendthrift may be discharged hy any judge of probate, when it shall appear to him, on the application of the ward, or otherwise, that said guardianship is no longer necessary.” (Section 1362 Comp. L., Section 1975 Civil L.) This section confines its declaration that the marriage of the ward shall operate as a legal discharge to her guardian to cases where the ward is under guardianship as a minor. At the same time the marriage of a female ward, even though the reason of the guardianship was that she was a spendthrift, of necessity terminates the guardianship so far as her person is concerned. The power which our statute (Section 1355 Comp. L.) gives to, and the duty which it imposes upon, the guardian of a spendthrift, that he “shall have the care and custody of the person of the ward,” is inconsistent with the ward’s relation to her husband. “The marriage of a ward of either sex of necessity terminates the — 24 — guardianship over the ward’s person. This principle is of universal acceptance so far as applied to the person of a female ward, whether she marry a. minor or an adult, for her relation to a husband is inconsistent with the power of a guardian over her person.” Woerner on Guardianship1, pp. 335, 336. “The lawful marriage of any ward, whether male or female, must necessarily affect the rights of the guardian. So far as the ward’s person is concerned, there can be no question that the guardianship' ends. Marriage is paramount to all other relations, and its proper continuance being inconsistent with the guardianship of the person, the latter yields to it, whatever may be the sex of the ward.” Schouler’s Dom. Rel., p. 425. The guardianship of the petitioner, so far as it concerned her person, terminated upon her marriage. But so far as her property is concerned, the same reasons do not exist in favor of the termination of the guardianship. It may be that prior to the enactment of the Married Woman’s Act of 1888, it could properly be said that the reason for guardianship over a woman’s property ended with her marriage, because at that time the husband was practically the owner, or at least held full control, of all of the ■wife’s property; but since the passage of that Act the wife has full control of ¿11 her property, excepting only as to the selling or mortgaging of real estate, in which cases her husband’s consent is necessary. Although she- cannot sell or mortgage her lands, she can lease the same for any term of years either for a yearly rental or for a lump sum, and in this way a woman, if she is inclined to do so, can as successfully lessen and waste her estate as by selling or mortgaging. The necessity for the guardianship of her property, if she is a spendthrift, is not in any material degree lessened by reason of her marriage; nor is there any inconsistency between the two relations, i. e., of guardianship of estate, and of marriage. The rule laid down in some jurisdiction that the marriage of a female ward does terminate the guardianship over her estate, is probably based upon the fact that in those jurisdictions the husband possesses common law rights and privileges over his wife’s property. Woerner, in making the — 25 — statement above quoted, adds: “And at common law the guardianship of a female ward is terminated, in respect of her estate also, by her marriage to an adult, because the wife’s property is vested in or under the control of her husband.” Ib., p. 336. And Schouler, in like manner, remarks, “But as to the estate the rale, in view of late married women’s statutes, is not so clear,” p. 425. Marriage of a female ward under guardianship as a spendthrift does not of itself operate as a termination of the relationship of guardian and ward, nor operate as a legal discharge of the guardian, but as the statute provides, it must be made to appear by proper application to the judge of probate, that such “guardianship is no longer necessary.” The ward also in support of her petition urged that no ground now exists for such guardianship and that she is not a spendthrift, and that she as well as her husband is perfectly competent to manage and control her own property, and further that at the time of the appointment of a guardian over her and her estate as a spendthrift no ground then existed and no evidence was then produced to give the probate judge jurisdiction. As before stated a full hearing was had, the spendthrift Kalua was present and was also rejuesented by counsel, and the circuit judge in probate had full jurisdiction; evidence was then taken but the reported evidence is meagre. The adjudication of Kalua as a spendthrift was by a court of competent jurisdiction after hearing, and it is not now open to the petitioner to have a reopening and review of the proceedings and evidence had on the petition for the guardianship: Kalua having been adjudged a spendthrift and guardianship ordered, the question arises whether she has ceased to be a spendthrift, and is the evidence now produced such as to1 warrant a circuit judge in probate in declaring “that such guardianship is no longer necessary.” As to this the probate judge says: “It is not for me to review the evidence upon which the court based its original order or to pass upon its sufficiency or otherwise. I must and do assume that the court was satisfied upon the — 26 — evidence before it that Kalua Kapukini was at that time a spendthrift within the meaning of the law, and that she was in fact such spendthrift. The presumption is that the necessity for the guardianship continues until the contrary is shown, and the burden of proving that there is no reason now for its continuation is on the ward. The evidence adduced at this hearing does not satisfy me that the guardianship is no longer necessary. On the contrary, it shows that the ward is addicted to excessive drinking and gaming; as I believe, the sole reason that she has not by reason of such drinking and gaming, so spent, wasted or lessened her estate as to expose herself to want and suffering, is that she and her property have been under the control of a guardian. I believe, further, that if this petition were now granted, and she given full control of her property, she would in a short period of time wholly spend and waste her estate in consequence of her excessive drinking and gaming. This, in my opinion, is a material consideration, — it was for the protection of just such persons that the statute was enacted.. “So far as the removal of Mr. Magoon as guardian is concerned, no cause has been shown therefor. I find from the evidence and counsel for the ward in his concluding argument admitted it to be true, that Mr. Magoon’s management of the ward’s estate has been prudent and careful, and that he has kept the expenditixres of the ward and of the maintenance of the property well within the income. “The petition to terminate the guardianship over the ward’s property, and to remove the pi*esent gxxardian is denied.” "We agree with the conclusions arrived at by the circuit judge in probate. It is true that Kalxxa, the ward, has not had as large an annual allowance as. the income of the estate warrants, but an application to the circuit judge would probably result in her receiving a much larger allowance for her support and maintenance than she has heretofore received. The guardian has increased the estate by investing a part of the income ,as¡ it accumulated and thxxs turned it into principal; but how far this application of income to increase the principal shoxild be carried — 27 — by a guardian in. any particular estate, is a question that lies largely within the control and supervision of the probate judge, who can direct and order a larger or less allowance to be made to the ward according to her needs and wishes even and the condition of the estate. Ilwniphreys & Gear for petitioner. Magoon & Sillimm for the guardian, respondent. The appeal is dismissed.