Rives v. Wilborne

COLLIER, C. J. The act of 1812, enacts, that when property levied on by execution shall be claimed by any person, not a party thereto, such person may make oath to such property, &c. The oath of the claimant, it is believed, conforms very fully to the statute — -it describes the execution, the property levied on, and w'hen, and asserts that the right thereto is in the claimant. The transcript of the execution, which we find in the record, is indorsed by the sheriff, received the 22d, and levied the 26th February, 1841, while the affidavit appears to have been made on the day of its reception. This discrepancy we do not regard as at all material, and if necessary, would intend that the sheriff was mistaken in the date of his levy, or the justice of the peace, in the day on which the affidavit was verified; 'the former is perhaps the most reasonable inference, as the condition of the clair mant’s bond recites the levy as having been made on the day the execution was received. 2. In respect to the second point, it has been heretofore decided, that the levy of an attachment, gives a lien to the debtor upon the property seized, and that the lien thus acquired, is not lost by the defendant’s entering into the usual replevy bond, with sureties: Further,, that before the forfeiture of the bond, the es [48] tate attached, can neither be sold or levied on, by another attachment. or execution: That the property is at the risk of the debtor and his sureties, pending the suit, and no principle, will tolerate any disposition of it, which will prevent them from returning it to the sheriff, or in any other manner, defeat their lien. It would, therefore, seem that it cannot be. taken in execution by another1 creditor, either of the original debtor, or claimant. [McRae and Augustin v. McLean, 3 Porter’s Rep. 138; Pond v. Griffin. 1 Ala. Rep. N. S. 678.] In Hagan v. Lucas, [10 Peters’ Rep. 400,] it appears that property had been levied on by execution, from one of the circuit courts in this State, and a bond given to try the right, as in the present case; afterwards, a writ of fieri facias issued from the district court of the United States, was levied on the same property, and a claim interposed, as the statute prescribes. The district Judge was of opinion, that the proceedings in the State court being undetermined, the property was in the custody of the law, and not subject to the levy by the marshal. The cause was removed by writ of error, to the supreme court of the United States, where the judgment was affirmed. That court held, that the bond being conditioned for the return of the property to the sheriff; if the right shall be adjudged against the claimant, it cannot be considered as a substitute for the property itself. The object of the legislature in requiring such a bond was, to insure the safe keeping and faithful return of the property to the sheriff, if its return should be required. If the property should be adjudged liable to execution, a levy on it at the suit of a third person, would occasion a forfeiture of the condition of the bond — a result so repugnant to equity, as such a pa’oceeding would occasion, would not be sanctioned. Again: On giving the bond, the property was placed in the possession of the claimant — -it is not withdrawn from the custody of the law, but the claimant, instead of the sheriff, is made the custodian.- In the hands of the claimant, under the bond for its delivery to the sheriff, the property is as free from the reach of other process, as it would have been in the hands of the sheriff. [See, also, 1 Show. Rep. 174; 3 Munf. Rep. 417.] The reasoning of the court in the case cited from Peters, applies with all force to the case at bar; for the condition of the bond, is substantially the same in each. They both provide for the return of the property in the event of a decision, [49] adveráe to the claimant in the one case, and the defendant in at* tachment in the other. The case of McRae and Augustin v. McLean, authorises the surety of the defendant, to return the property to the sheriff in discharge of the bond; and can this be done, if it is liable to seizure on other process? Upon the execution of the bond, the law must regard the property as in the custody of the defendant in attach-, ment, and his surety, in order that they may comply with its condition. But it is argued for the plaintiffs in error, that by the return of the slave in question, to the possession of the defendant in attachment, the lien of the attachment was lost, and he became subject to their execution; and to sustain this argument, Dunklee v. Fales, [5 N. Hamp. Rep. 527,] has been cited. In that case the furniture attached, was permitted by the plaintiff, to be returned to the defendant’s possession without any bond having been first executed for their safe keeping and delivery. The court decided, that to make a valid levy, the officer must take possession of the goods; and to retain the lien, which the attachment creates, he must keep the goods out of the possession and control of the debtor. If he permit them to go into his posses-, sion, and under his control, any other creditor may attach and hold them. This case is entirely unlike the one before us. There, the levy became ineffectual to continue the lien, because the pos-* session of the property was returned to the debtor; here the lien Was continued by the execution of the replevy bond; and as by law, the defendant in attachment might, under such ch'cum-stances, have the custody of the property, with the assent of his surety, we cannot conceive that any consequence prejudicial to the latter, can result from such possession. The possession of the debtor must be consistent wdth the rights of the surety, and subject to his control, so as to enable him to give effect to those l'ights. The right of the surety to return the property to the sheriff, invests him with a special property in it; and to maintain that property, he must be permitted to assert a claim under the statute. It follows from this view, that the charge to the jury was correct, and the judgment of the circuit court is consequently affirmed.