Governor v. Robbins

COLLIER, C. J. — All persons elected or appointed to the office of sheriff arc required to execute bond with good and sufficient sureties for the performance of their official duties; and these bonds shall be renewed annually if required by the Judge of the County Court. [Clay’s Dig. 535, § 4.] By the act of 1822, it is made the duty of the Judge of the County .Court, upon application by either of the sureties of any sheriff to require a new bond, with a similar condition to that first given. Upon the execution of such new bond, it is declared, that the surety or sureties making application shall be discharg [81] ed from the obligation of the bond previously entered into by them: Provided, that such sureties shall not be discharged from any liability previously 'incurred. [Clay’s Dig. 534, § 13, 14.] It is sufficiently shown that the bond on which the action in the present case is brought, was but the renewal of one of an older date, and the question is, which set of the sureties are liable for the default proved. Is it those who were bound for the official acts of the sheriff at the time the money was collected by him, or those who were his sureties when the liability was fixed by a demand and failure to pay. The act of 1836 gives the remedy by notice and motion against a sheriff and his sureties, whenever the former “ shall fail or refuse to pay over any money received by him upon any execution, on the application of the plaintiff or plaintiffs, his, her, or their attorney or agent.” [Clay’s Dig. 21S, § S3.] When the remedy provided for by this statute is pursued, it has been repeatedly held, that a demand must precede its institution. So it has been considered that when an action on the bond, as in this case, has been adopted, the failure to pay, after application duly made to the sheriff, is equally essential to the maintenance of the suit. [McBroom v. Governor, 6 Porter’s Rep. 32.] This being the case, it is clear that it is not the mere collection of money upon an execution that gives a right of action, but it is necessary that it should be demanded by the plaintiff, or some one authorized to receive it. True, if it could be shown that the sheriff had appropriated it to his own use, or otherwise converted it, this would be suljj-cient to dispense with a demand, by proving it to be unnecessary. In fact it would be equivalent to, and a substitute for it. The undertaking of the sureties, as expressed in the condition of the bond, is sufficiently broad, to show that the jury would have been warranted by the proof in finding a verdict for the defendants. It provides, that if their principal “shall well and truly perform all and singular, the duties of sheriff, as enjoined on him by the laws of this State, and pay over all moneys collected by him by virtue of his office, as required of him by law, then this obligation to be void, &c.” Jt has been held, that if an execution remain in a sheriff’s. [82] hands when his term of office expires, on his reappointment it is his duty to execute it; and his neglect is a breach of his new bond. [State v. Roberts, 7 Hals. Rep. 114.] So his sureties are liable for money received by him on execution after the bond is given, though the execution was received by him before that time. [People v. King, 15, Wend. Rep. 623.] And it has been decided that they who were the sureties of the sheriff at the time the liability accrued for money collected, are properly answerable for his default. [People v. Ten Eyck. 13 Wend. Rep. 448; Fitts v. Hawkins, 2 Hawk. Rep. 394.] In South Carolina it has been determined that the additional sureties of a sheriff are liable as well for money collected by him before they executed the bond as afterwards •, unless, perhaps, the sheriff and his original sureties were sued to insolvency before the additional bond was executed.— [Treasurers v. Taylor, 2 Bailey Rep. 524.] And in Ohio it has been held, that when a sheriff gives an additional bond, both sets of sureties are liable for his misconduct. [State v. Crook, 7 Ham. Rep. (2d part,) 221. See also The People v. Brush, 6 Wend. Rep. 454; Bartlett v. The Governor, 2 Bibb’s Rep. 586.] In Townsend and Gordon v. Everett, use, &c., 4 Ala. Rep. 607, which was an action by the Judge of the County Court, for the use of the County Treasurer against the predecessor of the latter and his surety in the official bond. The question was, whether the surety of the debt was liable for moneys received by his principal under a previous appointment and while other persons were his sureties. The Court were - of opinion that it was not the receipt of money by the Treasurer which rendered his surety liable, but the failure to disburse it according to law; that the failure to settle his accounts annually, until after the second bond was executed, was not conclusive to show a misapplication of the moneys previously received. All reasonable presumptions favorable to a performance of official duty are indulged, and it cannot be inferred from the mere receipt of money on an execution by a sheriff, that he has converted it. If it had been shown previous to the execution of the bond in suit, that the principal of the defendants had appropriated the amount collected by him, then the first [83] set of sureties only would have been liable. But the proof does not show such to be the predicament of this case; the liability to an action does not appear to have been fixed until after the renewed bond was prosecuted. This being the case, it follows from what has been said, that the Court erred in its charge to the jury; the judgment is consequently reversed and the cause remanded.