Lightfoot v. Strahan

COLLIER, C. J. It is laid down generally, that all execu-tory contracts may be rescinded by the parties to them, if they continue interested until the agreement to rescind is made. [Johnson v. Reed, 9 Mass. Rep. 78.] And an executory contract in writing, not under seal, may before breach, be discharged and abandoned, by a subsequent unwritten agreement, although the original agreement tó be binding, is required by the statute of frauds to be in writing. [Buel v. Miller, 4 N. Hamp. Rep. 196.] So where two contracts have been entered into in relation to the same subject matter, the last will control or rescind the first, (as the case may be) though there [446] be no such contract expressed therein. [Reed v. McGraw, 5 Ohio Rep. 380.] It has been held that where a sale is made of goods, which are delivered, and an agreement is afterwards made to rescind the contract, the rescission is not complete until a re-delivery has taken place. [Miller v. Smith, 1 Mason’s Rep. 437. See also Quincy v. Tilton, 5 Greenl. 277.] When contracts are rescinded, the parties should be restored to their former, rights, and placed in the same situation in which they stood previous to the agreement. [Conner v. Henderson, 15 Mass. Rep. 319; Griffith v. Fred. Co. Bank, 6 G. & John. Rep. 424; Chapman v. Shaw, 3 Greenl. Rep. 59; Wilt v. Ogden, 13 Johns. Rep. 56.] Having stated these principles as guides to conduct ns to a proper conclusion, we proceed to consider the case stated in the bill of exceptions. The charge to the jury, supposes, that a consideration, other than the undertaking of the defendant to deliver the slaves to the plaintiff, and to pay him the amount they had depreciated in value, was nécessary, in order to impart validity to the agreement to rescind. In this it is clear, from several of the citations made, that the Court misapprehended the law. Surely the'return of the slaves, or the agreement to return them, and pay such sum of money on' demand, as was equivalent to their depreciation, formed a sufficient consideration to abrogate the contract of sale. Let us inquire whether the rescission has-been consummated, so as to authorize the defendant to set it up in bar to an action on the note; for unless this has been done, the defendant in error has not been prejudiced, and although the charge be illegal, the judgment of the Circuit Court cannot for that cause be reversed. Assuming that the plaintiff was to call for the slaves, until this was done, the defendant could not be put in default: it was enough if they were delivered on demand. Thus far the plaintiff was willing to trust the defendant, and he himself the first to act. But no time0 appears to6have been designated when the amount the slaves depreciated in value, should be ascertained or paid, or who should take the first step towards the contemplated arbitration. As this was part of the agreement which was to be perfected to relieve the defendant from the payment of the purchase money, as stipulated by his'notes, [447] he of course, should, in a reasonable time after the terms of the rescission were agreed, have given the plaintiff notice of his readiness to arbitrate, and submitted some definite proposition leading thereto. And after the amount to be paid was thus ascertained, he should in a reasonable time have paid, or offered to pay it to the plaintiff. All this was necessary to have entitled the defendant to the benefit of a rescission, and the only reason, if any, why a returq of the slaves was not incumbent on the defendant, was because the plaintiff had agreed to call for them himself. This conclusion, seems to us to result from several of the authorities cited, and to be a consequence of the principle, which requires parties rescinding a contract,to be placed in statu quo, except so far as they have agreed to dispense with an observance of this rule. It follows from what we have said,-that the error in the charge to the jury, has worked no injury to the defendant, and he cannot derive a benefit from it, here. The condition prescribed by the statute, where a party appeals from the judgment of a justice of the peace, is, that the appellant shall prosecute his appeal jvith effect, and if cast in the suit, pay and satisfy the condemnation of the Court. [Clay’s Dig. 314, § 9.] The condition of the bonds in the case before us, is that the appellants shall prosecute their appeal with effect, and if they “ fail therein, then pay the judgment with such damages and costs as shall be adjudged against them in said Court.” There is no substantial variance between the statutory condition, and that which has been adopted; and consequently the bond is such a one, as the Court might summarily render judgment on, against the sureties. The consequence is, that the judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.