Purcell v. Lay

SOMEBYILLE, J. The bill is one for the enforcement of a vendor’s lien on land, the title of a part of which was shown never to have been in the vendor. The defendant, by cross-bill, seeks on account of this failure of title to abate the amount of the .purchase-money, which was originally six hundred dollars, but had been reduced before suit to about four hundred by part payment, The point of contention [288] between tlie parties relates only to the amount of property allowable for such abatement. It appears that the testator of the complainants, one Hollingsworth, was in possession of all this land, claiming it as his own under a warranty deed from his vendor, and believing his title to bo good. Forty acres of it, however, belonged to the United States government, and after the sale of the land to the defendant Purcell, who went into possession of it, this defect of title was brought to the attention of the complainants. It ivas thereupon agreed between them and Purcell that the latter should enter the forty acre tract in question, which he was authorized to do under the preemption laws of the United States as being contiguous to the other portion of the tract, and that the complainants would reimburse him for all expenses incurred in making the title good. Purcell, pursuant to this agreement, proceeded to make the entry in strict accordance with the law, so as to be entitled to a patent from the government on proper application for it. The bill offers to reimburse him for these expenses thus incurred, which appellants insist, is all he can equitably claim. He claims, in his cross-bill, the abatement of an amount equal to the full value of the forty acre tract. It is not denied that the rule in ordinary cases is to allow the vendee under these circumstances to abate the purchase-money only to the extent of the expenses incurred by him in making the title good. — Jones v. Lightfoot, 10 Ala. 17; Clark v. Zeigler, 79 Ala. 346, 351. But it is contended that the agreement between the parties was, in legal effect, a contract for a sale of a pre-emption right, and therefore illegal and void as in contravention of the public land laws of the United States. .We do not so construe it. ■ The requirement of the law governing entries of this kind by pre-emptioners among other things, is, that the settler shall make affidavit that his application is made “for Ms exclusive use and benefit, and that his entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and not either directly or indirectly for the use or benefit of any other person.” — Revised Statutes of- U. S., § 2290. The agreement does not infringe this law. The settler obtained the full and exclusive interest in the land entered by him. No one else obtained or intended to obtain any use or benefit in it of any kind whatever. The benefit which consequentially results to complainants by reason of the entry being made is not the evil prohibited by the statute, it not being an [289] interest or benefit in tbe land itself, but collateral and incidental to it. Tbe legal effect of tbe agreement in question was simply to fix; the amount to'be abated, or recouped from tbe entire purchase-money at a sum to be measured.by tbe cost of entering tbe land from tbe government. Tbis tbe contracting parties bad a right to do, just as they bad a right to agree upon airy other sum by way of recoupment or reduction. It was not, in any respect, a contract repugnant to tbe provisions or policy of tbe pre-emption laws of tbe general government. Contracts of tbis kind rest on a different principle. — Gallagher v. Witherington, 29 Ala. 420; Hudson v. Milner, 12 Ala. 667; Cothran v. McCoy, 33 Ala. 65; Harkness v. Underhill, 1 Black (U. S.) 316. Tbe decree of tbe court sustaining tbe demurrer to tbe cross-bill, and granting tbe relief prayed in tbe original bill, is free from error, and must be affirmed.