Johnson v. Huntsville Gro. Co.

WALKER, P. J. The answer of the garnishee showed that it Avas indebted to the defendant in the sum. of $130.99. The defendant claimed as exempt the amount so shown to be owed to him. In response to a demand of the plaintiff that he file an itemized statement of the personal property owned by him on the date of the sendee of the writ of garnishment, the defendant amended his claim of exemption by adding thereto the following statement, which was duly sworn to: “Affiant further states that the said sum as above claimed by him as exempt is all of his personal property, and all the money belonging to him, whether in his possession or held by others for him, and all debts, choses in action belonging to him, or in which he is beneficially interested, and that the same Avas all the personal property owned by him and all the money belonging to him, Avhether in his possession or held by others for him, and all debts or choses in action belonging to him, or in -Avhich he Avas beneficially interested at the time of the institution of said suit, and at the time of the levy of the writ of garnishment therein, and during the entire’period from the filing of said suit to the filing of his said claim of exemptions.” The plaintiff filed an instrument in Avriting contesting the claim of exemption on specified grounds, but thereafter the court, without otherwise disposing of that contest, sustained a motion of the plaintiff to strike from the file said claim of exemptions as amended, and to render judgment by default; the grounds assigned in this motion being that no inventory had been filed by the defendant as demanded by the plaintiff, and that the defendant had personal property which had not been mentioned in his claim of exemptions. The amended claim of exemptions was not subject to objection on the ground that the defendant had fail [482] ed to file an inventory. What he did was a filing of an inventory within the meaning of the requirement of the statute (Code, § 4186) that: “When money or choses in action, or personal property, are garnished, and the defendant claims the same, or any part thereof, as exempt, he shall file his claim thereto in writing, verified by oath, in the court in which such proceedings are pending, accompanied by a statement setting forth the. personal property, choses in action and money, and the location and value thereof, as required in the statement to be filed under the provisions of section 4178,” etc. The above-quoted sworn statement was unequivocal in its assertion that the amount owing by the garnishee, as shown by its answer to the writ, and which was claimed as exempt, was all the personal property owned by the defendant or in which he had any beneficial interest. That property was duly inventoried, substantially in pursuance of the requirement of the statute that the defendant, on the demand of the plaintiff, file a full and complete inventory, duly verified by oath, of all his personal property, except that specifically exempt, with the value and location of such property. — Code, §§ 4178, 4186. When a defendant files an itemized statement, duly sworn to, of his goods and valuables, with their location and estimated worth, he complies with this requirement. The debt due from the garnishee, and the value of this item of property, were distinctly disclosed in the sworn statement by which it was claimed as exempt. That was a single item of property, and no repetition of the description of it contained in the answer of the garnishee and in the claim affidavit was necessary. — Decatur Mercantile Co. v. Deford, 93 Ala. 347, 9 South. 454. In the case of Tonsmere & Craft v. Buckland, 88 Ala. 312, 6 South. 904, an inven [483] tory was held to be insufficient because of its lack of particularity in describing the property claimed as exempt. It was held in that case that the statement of “the sum of $225 in the hands of third persons, to whom defendant has loaned it,” was not sufficiently specific, and that a description of property as “household and kitchen furniture” was too general. There was no such lack of definiteness in the description of the property which the defendant in the instant case claimed as exempt. It could not well have been more specifically described. The defendant was not required to file any further inventory if he had nothing else to inventory.— Weinstein v. Yielding Bros. & Co., 162 Ala. 259, 50 South. 126. And when a defendant sufficiently inventories the property which is claimed as exempt, and which he swears is all that he owns, or in Avhich he has any beneficial interest, the proper remedy of the plaintiff for any alleged incompleteness of the inventory because of the omission from it of something that should have been included is not by motion for a judgment by default, authorized by section 4178 of the Code Avhen the defendant fails to file the required inventory, but is prescribed by the provision of section 4184 of the Code that: “.When, on a contest of a claim of exemption to personal property, an inventory has been filed by the defendant, an issue may be tendered by the plaintiff that the defendant has other personal property subject to levy and sale under the process, not embraced in the inventory,” etc. — Decatur Mercantile Co. v. Deford, supra; Weinstein v. Yielding Bros. & Co., supra. The remedy provided for in section 4178 is available Avhen the defendant, without any good and sufficient cause, fails to file any inventory within the time prescribed, or AAdien the inventory filed within such time [484] does not itemize or describe the property referred to in it in the manner contemplated by the statute. The remedy given by section 4184 is the one to be resorted to when the plaintiff desires to complain, not of the insufficiency of the inventory in its description of the property which it mentions, but of its incompleteness by reason of its omission of something which should have been embraced in it. The latter statute does not undertake to give to such an omission the effect of depriving the defendant of the right to claim anything as exempt, nor does it have the effect of wholly or partially defeating the contested claim of exemption, unless the value of what was included in that claim and the ascertained value of the property found to have been omitted from the inventory together amount to more than the defendant is entitled to claim as exempt. This is made plain by the provision of the statute, applicable when the plaintiff sustains the issue he has tendered as to the defendant’s omission from his inventory of property which should have been embraced therein, that: “The value of such property shall be ascertained and estimated in ascertaining the amount of the exemption to which the defendant is entitled, and be deducted from his claim in contest, as if such property had been selected by him as part of his exemptions.” The motion to strike the claim of exemption and for a judgment by default was sustained without there having been any ascertainment of the value of any property an inventory of which the defendant had failed to furnish. On the hearing of the motion, evidence was adduced which tended to prove that at the time the writ of garnishment was served the defendant owned about $400 worth of personal property other than the demand against the garnishee, and that some months before that date he had owned other personal property. But [485] certainly the undisputed evidence was not such as to exclude the inference that at the time of the service of the writ of garnishment the defendant had less than $1,000 worth of personal property, including that mentioned in his claim of éxemption. So it is not made to appear that he was not prejudiced by the action of the court in so disposing of the claim of exemption and of the contest of it as to prevent the latter being proceeded with in the manner contemplated by the statute. — Code, § 4184. It Avas prejudicial error to strike from the file the defendant’s claim of exemption, and to enter judgment by default, on the motion made to that end, in the absence of evidence conclusively showing that he could not sustain his claim of exemption in Avhole or in part. Reversed and remanded.