Levy v. Inglish

By the Court, Ringo, C. J. If the facts set forth in a writ of mandamus, do not show a legal title in- the relator1 to the right claimed, it may be quashed; but unless it is quashed, the defendant is bound to return it, and to set forth, in his return, either a positive and direct denial of the truth of the facts stated in the writ on which the claim of the relator is founded, or to state other facts, sufficient in law to defeat the'right claimed by the relator. The Court having determined upon the application for the writ, and previously to awarding it, that the facts stated in it are prima facie true, and that the relator is in that event legally entitled to the right claimed by him, and thereby sought to be obtained or enforced, and that he has no other adequate specific legal remedy for it. Commercial Bank of Albany vs. Canal Commissioners, 11 Wend. 25. In the present case, no objection has been made to the writ, with a view to quash it; but the defendant has returned it, and set forth, in bis return, not only the fact" that he has not obeyed its mandate, by granting the appeal and making the necessary entry thereof on his docket, but he has also stated other facts, upon which he relies as constituting a legal justification of his refusal to do so. In the return, there is no distinct and positive denial of the truth of the facts stated in the writ on which the right of Levy to his appeal is founded, although, from the arguments and inferences of law and fact therein contained, it was obviously the design of the defendant to induce the belief that they are untrue, without distinctly and positively denying that fact. But the most prominent fact stated in the return, and that upon which the defendant appears to rely principally as furnishing him a legal right to refuse the appeal, is this: that neither Levy nor his attorney would pay him his legal fees for entering the appeal on his docket, and taking the recognizance required by the statute in that behalf to be taken before granting the appeal, and such other fees as he was entitled to; and that said attorney would not even verbally promise to pay them, or secure the payment thereof to him: that he replied, when the appeal was prayed for and demanded, that upon such fees being paid or secured, as aforesaid, he was ready and would immediately grant said appeal to said Levy, upon his complying with the requisitions of the statute on the subject; to which the attorney of Levy answered, that he did not consider the defendant entitled to any fees in such case, and that he whould not pay or secure to him any such fees, but would see if he could not get the appeal without paying any fees, and thereupon left the office of the defendant. From the facts thus appearing in the return, there can be no doubt that the defendant made the right of appeal depend upon the payment of his fees,'or at least upon the payment of the legal fees allowed him for granting the appeal and taking the recognizance; and so, considering the payment thereof as a condition precedent to the legal right of the party to demand an appeal, demanded their payment when the appeal was prayed, and made the refusal to pay or secure their payment to him, the principal if not the sole ground of his refusal to grant the appeal; it being equally clear, that he made no objection at that time either to the affidavit or recognizance then tendered. By what authority he claims the legal right of demanding any such fees, prior to his performance of the services, for which, when performed, they might legally have been charged, we are wholly at a loss to conceive. No such right has been shown, and it is confidently believed to have no legal existence. The law, on the contrary, so far from establishing such right, considers and makes it a misdemeanor to demand, charge, or receive such fees, before the services for which they are charged have been performed; and not only subjects the officer so demanding or charging them to a forfeiture of the amount of the fees so illegally charged, and five dollars for each item so illegally demanded, charged, or received, but also subjects the officer so offending to an indictment for extortion. Chap. 61, sec. 39, Rev. St. Ark. p. 401. These facts cannot, therefore, justify the magistrate in refusing to grant the appeal. The right of appeal, in such cases as the present, is perfect, when such affidavit is filed, and such recognizance with security entered into, as the law requires, within the period required by the statute; and in such case, the magistrate has no power to refuse it, nor to encumber it with any other or further condition whatever. Upon the appeal being prayed, and an affidavit being filed, as required by law, if sufficient security be offered, it becomes his duty to take the acknowledgment of the recognizance, make it out in due form, obtain the signatures of the recognizors, approve and attest it, and then grant an appeal, and make an entry thereof on his docket. In performing this duty, he acts ministerially, and can exercise no discretion, other than simply to see that the security offered is sufficient, and that the recognizance is in legal form, and acknowledged and signed in the manner prescribed by law. Such discretion is possessed by all ministerial officers, and, in the discharge of their official duties, they are constantly called upon to exercise it. This distinction between the judicial and ministerial acts performed by Justices of the Peace, was ruled by the Supreme Court of New-York, in the case of Tompkins vs. Sands, 8 Wend. 462, where it was held, .and we think correctly, that Justices of the Peace, in respect to the granting or allowance of appeals, and in every other matter connected therewith, act ministerially. / It follows, therefore, if we have not entirely misconceived the legal obligation and duties of Justices of the Peace in this respect, that the fact stated in the return, that the defendant, upon a subsequent inspection of the recognizance filed by Levy, discovered that it did not contain any stipulation that the appellant would prosecute his said appeal with due diligence to a decision, as required by the I72d section of chapter 87 Revised Statutes, and that he never did or could approve said recognizance, so as to enter an appeal thereon, furnishes no legal ground for his refusal to grant the appeal; because, if the recognizance was in this respect insufficient; the fault was his, and not of those by whom it was acknowledged before him. In taking it, he was bound to take it in legal form; and if they had refused to enter into it in such form, such refusal would no doubt constitute a sufficient reason for refusing the appeal; but such refusal is not shown by the return, and therefore it is in this respect insufficient. The facts stated in the return, in regard to the Circuit Court of said county being in session at the date of the judgment, and continuing in session until the first of December next ensuing, even though they should show that Levy, by resorting to that tribunal, could have obtained redress, and coerced the defendant to have granted the appeal, if he was entitled to it, yet, notwithstanding the tribunal awarding it would be different, the remedy, if not precisely, would at least be substantially the same: besides which, it is an attempt to deny to this Court the exercise of a jurisdiction expressly conferred upon it by the Constitution, the exercise of which, when legally called upon, it is not at liberty to decline. The return, therefore, does not, in our opinion, show any legal ground for the refusal of the defendant to grant the appeal upon the prayer and demand of Levy; and as the facts set out in the writ unquestionably show in him a legal right thereto, the demurrer to the return must be sustained.