Robinson v. Baskins

Hughes, J. Appellees sued appellants upon a bond of indemnity, given by them to W. L. Baskins, as special constable, under section 3021 of Mansfield’s Digest, to indemnify them against the damages they might sustain in consequence • of the seizure or sale of the property of the judgment debtor of appellants, who was one J. B. McGhee, against whom they had obtained judgment before a justice of the peace of Perry county, Arkansas, and upon which execution had been issued and placed in the hands of said special constable. The constable sold the property at public sale, and, at the sale, one Deshazer claimed the property and forbade the sale. Deshazer brought suit in trespass against the constable and the other appellees, purchasers of the property at the sale, and recovered fifty dollars and costs as damages. In this suit against the appellants (the indemnitors), they offered to prove by witnesses that J. B. McGhee, against whom appellants had obtained judgment, was the sole owner of the property sold by the constable, and that Deshazer never owned or had any interest in it, and that McGhee was not indebted to Deshazer. And they also offered to prove that, at the time of the judgment against McGhee, he was absent from Perry county where he resided, and that upon his return Deshazer admitted that his claim to the property was groundless, and offered to repay McGhee every cent he had received for the same. This testimony was excluded upon the ground that appellants were concluded by the judgment against appellees in favor of Deshazer, which appellees had been permitted to read in evidence over the objection of appellees. There was judgment for appellees, and an appeal to this court. pUrifd^S!agamst Were appellants estopped and concluded by the judgment against appellees in favor of Deshazer? They were not ties to the suit in which the judgment was rendered, and there is no evidence that they had notice to it. As a rule a judgment binds only parties and privies. Freeman on Judgments, secs. 154-161; “Res inter alios acta alteri nocere non debet Broom’s Legal Maxims, p. 735. Mr. Freeman in his work on Judgments (sec. 184) says: “Covenants to indemnify against the consequences of a suit are of two classes. 1. Where the covenantor expressly makes his liability depend on the event of a litigation to which he is not a party, and stipulates to abide the result; and 2. Where the covenant is one of general indemnity, merely, against claims or suits. In cases of the first class, the judgment is conclusive evidence against the indemnitor, although he was not a party, and had no notice; for its recovery is the event against which he covenanted. In those of the second class, the judgment is prima facie evidence only against the indemnitor, and he may be let in to show that the principal had a good defense to the claim.’’ The indemnitor can in either class show collusion for the purpose of charging him. See also the cases cited in notes 2 and 3 to sec. 184, and sec. 181, Freeman on Judgments. See also Res Adjudicata and Stare Decisis, by Wells, sec. 196; Ins. Co, v. Wilson, 34 N. Y., 280, and cases cited; Boyd v. Whitfield, 19 Ark., 447; Smith v. Corege, ante, p. 295. The appellants, having had no notice of the suit by Deshazer against appellees, are not concluded by the judgment in said suit, and should have been let in to make their defense. The judgment was only prima facie evidence and not conclusive against them. Reversed and the cause remanded.